Abstract
The post-pandemic tourism phenomenon and labor market accelerated the digital work demand allowing students from Generation Z to enter the labor market earlier. The digital system's fast pace creates pressure on future employees, the most susceptive being the students already working for online reservation platforms and digital media as a natural continuity of the FoMO phenomenon. In order to increase their competitiveness, students from digital professions work during their classes in the digital workspace. This paper presents preliminary data from an experimental study exploring the rapport between multitasking, text comprehension and retention, and burnout in students freelancing and working part-time in digital tourism, online booking platforms, and digital media. When students multitasked between reading professional news and a professor`s lecture, the average value of the level of information retention, the logic coherence of text retained, and the overall level of text comprehension and retention was lower. The decrease in overall comprehension task was greater for tourism students in the case of professional news, but they performed better in the case of the lecture compared with students in digital media. This study offers arguments in favor of organizing the activity in the online system and balancing the study time and work time during the student period.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chaelin, K. Ra., Cho, J., Stone, M., De La Cerda, J., Goldenson, N., Moroney, E., Tung, I., Lee, S., & Leventhal, A. (2018). Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents, 17;320(3):255–263. 1001/jama.2018.8931.
Chiorean, T. C. (2022). One of the main diseases of our time. Case study: Students, entrepreneurship through digital transformation and social changes (pp. 175–185). Presa Universitara Clujeana, ISBN: 978-606-37-1703-1.
Chiorean T.C. (2023). Excessive Use Of The Internet By Children During The Pandemic, Vol. INTED2023 Proceedings, 17th International Technology Education and Development Conference, IATED, P: 6703 - 6708, ISBN: 978-84-09-49026-4. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2023.
Cohen, S., & Janicki-Deverts, D. (2012). Who's stressed? Distributions of psychological stress in the United States in probability samples from 1983, 2006 and 2009. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
Cornea, P. (1988). From the typology of the text to the types of reader and reading.
Coursera. (2021). Global skills report, Retrieved from https://cdn.theewf.org/uploads/pdf/Coursera-Global-Skills-Report-2-compressed.pdf?mtime=20211019103944&focal=non Accessed the 13th of July 2023 at 13.00.
Deloitte (2023a). Gen Z and Millennial Survey available at https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/issues/work/content/genzmillennialsurve Accessed the 13th of July 2023 at 14.40.
Deloitte. (2023b). ”Mental health today. A deep dive based on the 2023 Gen Z and Millennial survey Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/mt/Documents/about-deloitte/deloitte-2023-genz-millennial-survey-mental-health.pdf Accessed the 13th of July 2023 at 16.30.
Eco, U. (1979). Lector in fabula, Gruppo Editoriale Fabbri, Bompiani, Sonzogno, Etas, S.p.A., Milano
European Commission. (2023). Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2022 Integration of digital technology. Retrieved from:///C:/Users/SimonaM/Downloads/3_DESI_2022_Thematic_chapters__Integration_of_digital_technology Accessed the 13 th of July 2023 at 18.30
Fish, S. (1980). Is there a text in this class? Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Foris, D., Bâra, G. R., & Malaescu, S. (2022). Tourism professionals’ awareness of the new technologies: A Premise of the destinations’ modernization and development. In J. R. Reis, E. P. López, L. Moutinho, & J. P. Marques dos Santos (Eds.), Marketing and Smart Technologies, Proceedings of ICMarkTech 2021 (Vol. 1, pp. 527–538). Springer Nature Singapore, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9268-0_44
Fox, A. B., Rosen, J., & Crawford, M. (2009). Distractions, distractions: Does instant messaging affect college students’ performance on a concurrent reading comprehension task? Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12, 51–53. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0107[PubMed][CrossRef][GoogleScholar]
Fried, C. B. (2008). In-class laptop use and its effects on student learning. Computers & Education, 50(3), 906–914.
Hembrooke, H., & Gay, G. (2003). The laptop and the lecture: The effects of multitasking in learning environments. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 15, 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02940852
Holland, N. (1968). The dynamics of literary response. Oxford University Press.
Hwang, G. J. (2014). Definition, framework and research issues of smart learning environments—A context-aware ubiquitous learning perspective. Smart Learn. Environ., 1, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-014-0004-5
Indeed. (2023). Survey: Gen Z Expects Pay Transparency and Flexibility Retrieved from https://www.indeed.com/lead/survey-gen-z-expects-pay-transparency-and-flexibility Accessed the 13th of July 2023 at 15.30.
Iser, W. (1978). The act of reading. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Jeong, S.-H., & Fishbein, M. (2007). Predictors of multitasking with media: Media factors and audience factors. Media Psychology, 10(3), 364–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213260701532948
Junco, R., & Cotten, S. R. (2012). No a 4 U: The relationship between multitasking and academic performance. Computers & Education, 59(2), 505–514.
Karpinski, A. C., Kirschner, P. A., Ozer, I., Mellott, J. A., & Ochwo, P. (2013). An exploration of social networking site use, multitasking, and academic performance among United States and European niversity students. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1182–1192.
Kessler et al. (2005). Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) v1.1 The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychological medicine, 35(2), 245–256.
Levine, L. E., Waite, B. M., & Bowman, L. L. (2007). Electronic media use, reading, and academic distractibility in college youth. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10, 560–566. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9990[PubMed][CrossRef][GoogleScholar]
Livingstone, S., Mascheroni, G., & Stoilova, M. (2023). The outcomes of gaining digital skills for young people’s lives and wellbeing: A systematic evidence review. New Media & Society, 25(5), 1176–1202. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211043189
Loh KK, Kanai R. (2016). How Has the Internet Reshaped Human Cognition? Neuroscientist Oct;22(5):506–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858415595005.
Mălăescu, S. (2023). Tourism Destinations “Where You Can Engage in Battles with the Romans”: The Role of Reenactment in Shaping a Destination Image,” Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, in: Vicky Katsoni (ed.), Tourism, Travel, and Hospitality in a Smart and Sustainable World, pages 505–517, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26829-8_32
May, K. E., & Elder, A. D. (2018). Efficient, helpful, or distracting? A literature review of media multitasking in relation to academic performance. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-018-0096-z
Meshi, D., Tamir, D. I., & Heekeren, H. R. (2015). The Emerging Neuroscience of Social Media. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(12), 771–782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.09.004
Mills KL, Lalonde F, Clasen LS, Giedd JN, Blakemore SJ. (2014). Developmental changes in the structure of the social brain in late childhood and adolescence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. Jan;9(1):123–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss113.
OECD. (2021). Preparing the tourism workforce for the digital future report. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/publications/preparing-the-tourism-workforce-for-the-digital-future-9258d999-en.htm. Accessed the 13th of July 2023 at 13.30
Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 15583–15587. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903620106
Parks, L., & Embling, D. (2023). Travel in 2023: Connecting People, Places and Planet, Euronews` 2023 Travel Trend Report Retrieved from https://view.ceros.com/euronews/euronews-2023-travel-trend-report-1/p/1 Accessed the 13 th of July 2023 at 18.00
Pea, R., Nass, C., Meheula, L., Rance, M., Kumar, A., Bamford, H., Nass, M., Simha, A., Stillerman, B., Yang, S., & Zhou, M. (2012). Media Use, Face-to-Face Communication, Media Multitasking, and Social Well-Being Among 8- to 12-Year-Old Girls. Developmental Psychology., 48, 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027030
Peña-Casas, R., Ghailani, D. and Coster, S. (2018). The Impact Of Digitalisation On Job Quality In European Public Services The Case Of Homecare And Employment Service Workers Retrieved from https://eticasfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/FINAL-REPORT-EPSU-DIGITALISATION-OSE-June-2018.pdf Accessed the 13 th of July 2023 at 13.30
Ricoeur, P. (1973). The Model of the Text: Meaningful Action Considered as a Text, New Literary History, vol.5, https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56270686.
Rosen, L.D., Whaling, K., Carrier, L.M., Cheever, N.A., Rokkum, J. (2013). The Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale: An empirical investigation. Comput Human Behav. 1;29(6):2501–2511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.006.
Statista Mobility Market Insights (2023). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/topics/7589/digitalization-of-the-travel-industry/#topicOverview b3OfWwzssmzizEQnblybxHYxs0_88767–1.pdf Accessed the 13 th of July 2023 at 14.00
Uncapher M.R., Lin, L., Rosen L.D., Kirkorian H.L., Baron NS, Bailey K, Cantor J, Strayer DL, Parsons TD, Wagner AD. (2017). Media Multitasking and Cognitive, Psychological, Neural, and Learning Differences Pediatrics. Nov;140 (Suppl 2): 62–66. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758D.
UNWTO. (2023). Digital Transformation Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/digital-transformation Accessed the 13 th of July 2023 at 13.30
Vedechkina M, & Borgonovi F. (2021). A Review of Evidence on the Role of Digital Technology in Shaping Attention and Cognitive Control in Children. Front Psychol. 2021 Feb 24;12:611155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.611155. PMID: 33716873; PMCID: PMC7943608.
Voorveld, H. A. M., & van der Goot, M. (2013). Age differences in media multitasking: A diary study. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(3), 392–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2013.816709
Winneke A., van der Schuur, Baumgartner, S., Sumter, S., Valkenburg, P. (2015). The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review, Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 204-215, ISSN 0747-5632, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.035.5
Wiradhany, W., & Baumgartner, S. E. (2019). Exploring the variability of media multitasking choice behaviour using a network approach. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38(12), 1355–1368. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1589575
Yehudah, G. B., & Brann, A. (2019). Pay attention to digital text: The impact of the media on text comprehension and self-monitoring in higher-education students with ADHD. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 89, 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.04.001. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
Zhang, S., Shi, R., Yun, L., Li, X., Wang, Y., He, H., & Miao, D. (2015). Self-regulation and study-related health outcomes: A structural equation model of regulatory mode orientations, academic burnout and engagement among university students. Social Indicators Research, 123(2), 585–599.
Zotica, M., & Mălăescu, S. (2015). The Reenactment as Tourism Exploitation through Heritage Interpretation of Heritage Sites in Transylvania. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai, Seria Geographia, 60(1), 157–175.
Acknowledgements
The present paper is part of Multitasking in the Academic digital world Project under Transnational Access to the Research Infrastructures of VITALISE Project Virtual Health and Wellbeing Living Lab Infrastructure in the framework of Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme INFRAIA-02-2020 Integrating Activities for Starting Communities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Simona, M., Claudia, C., Diana, F. (2024). The Impact of Digital Space Development on Students in Tourism and Digital Media. In: Katsoni, V., Cassar, G. (eds) Recent Advancements in Tourism Business, Technology and Social Sciences. IACuDiT 2023. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54342-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54342-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-54341-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-54342-5
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)