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Fire Suppression and Detection in Tunnels

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Tunnel Fire Dynamics

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Abstract

The basic concepts of fire suppression systems are depicted. There are mainly two water-based fire suppression systems used in tunnels, i.e. water spray systems and water mist systems. The main differences are the water density, pressure and droplet size. The extinguishment mechanisms are explored, and the critical conditions at extinction are discussed. Further, suppression of realistic fires is discussed considering both the water flow rate and the total water flow rate used for fire suppression. A summary of fire suppression tests conducted in tunnels is presented followed by a short discussion of tunnel fire detection.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    An open sprinkler is a sprinkler that does not have actuators or heat-responsive elements.

  2. 2.

    An open spray nozzle is an open water discharge device that will distribute the water in a specific, directional pattern. Spray nozzles are typically used in applications requiring special water discharge patterns, directional spray or other discharge characteristics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fire and Safety, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden

    Haukur Ingason, Ying Zhen Li & Anders Lönnermark

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  1. Haukur Ingason
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  2. Ying Zhen Li
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  3. Anders Lönnermark
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Ingason, H., Li, Y.Z., Lönnermark, A. (2024). Fire Suppression and Detection in Tunnels. In: Tunnel Fire Dynamics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53923-7_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53923-7_16

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