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The Source and Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Atmosphere Across Southeast Asia

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Heavy Metal Remediation

Part of the book series: Earth and Environmental Sciences Library ((EESL))

Abstract

Atmospheric heavy metal (HMs) pollution that impacts the environment and human health is one of the increasingly concerning problems in developing countries. Southeast Asia (SEA) is now described as a dynamic and rapidly developing region and is facing problems of air pollution, including HMs in the atmosphere. According to the International Cancer Research Institute (IARC), some metals (e.g., Pb, As, Ni, Cd, Hg, Cd, Cr) are particularly harmful to human health. In this chapter, we focus on the knowledge of atmospheric HMs in the SEA region over the last 15 years, in which, the potential sources and spatio temporal distribution of atmospheric HMs in SEA were discussed in detail. Research on atmospheric HMs is unevenly distributed in the SEA region and most of the studies concentrated in countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam. By employing multivariable models, including PCA and PMF, studies show that both anthropogenic sources (e.g., transportation, biomass burning, and industrial processes) and natural sources (e.g., volcanic eruption and dust storms) can contribute to elevated atmospheric HMs. HMs concentrations in industrial areas are often higher than in urban/background locations. On a seasonal basis, HMs concentrations in the dry season are often higher than in the rainy season. Certain knowledge gaps pertaining to atmospheric HMs in the SEA region necessitate comprehensive investigation. Specifically, there is a need for rigorous research focused on elucidating the deposition of atmospheric HMs as well as research regarding atmospheric mercury (Hg). This chapter presents scientific information on atmospheric HMs pollution in SEA from both regulatory and research perspectives. It aims to enhance the understanding of HMs contaminations in the SEA region by providing updated and rigorous scientific analysis.

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Funding

The authors thank the Ho Chi Minh Department of Science and Technology for financial support in this research under Grant No. 39/2021/HĐ-QKHCN.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Ly Sy Phu Nguyen, Truong Gia Han Vo, Quoc Hau Le & To Thi Hien

  2. Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Ly Sy Phu Nguyen, Truong Gia Han Vo, Quoc Hau Le & To Thi Hien

  3. Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Thi Thuy Linh Do

  4. Department of Science and Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Thi Thuy Linh Do

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  1. Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
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  2. Thi Thuy Linh Do
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  4. Quoc Hau Le
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  5. To Thi Hien
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Correspondence to Ly Sy Phu Nguyen .

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India

    Nitish Kumar

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Nguyen, L.S.P., Do, T.T.L., Vo, T.G.H., Le, Q.H., Hien, T.T. (2024). The Source and Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Atmosphere Across Southeast Asia. In: Kumar, N. (eds) Heavy Metal Remediation. Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53688-5_1

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