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Market Socialism and the Emergence of China’s Crony Capitalism: The Role of the Princelings

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Crony Comprador Capitalism
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Abstract

This chapter explores the impact of Deng Xiaoping's market-socialist reforms in the 1980s and their pivotal role in establishing the foundation for China's crony capitalism. It delves into the distinctive role of the princelings in facilitating the transformation of the New Class from a privileged group into a new bourgeoisie.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Wang, L (2000): “The ‘Mao Zedong Complex’ at the Bottom of Chinese Society and Undercurrents.” Modern China Studies, issue 3. https://www.modernchinastudies.org/us/issues/past-issues/70-mcs-2000-issue-3/543-2012-01-03-12-11-40.html.

  2. 2.

    https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm.

  3. 3.

    Djilas, M (1957): The New Class—An Analysis of the Communist System. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, pp. 43–44.

  4. 4.

    Ibid., p. 42.

  5. 5.

    生活读书新知三联书店香港分店:《走资派就是党内的资产阶级》,1976年(92页)。.

  6. 6.

    Mao was viewed by some radical leftists as a de facto “Revisionist and Anti-marxist Leninist.” See “Mao Apologised to Yugoslavian Delegates, told Stalin Blocked Our Revolution.” Other Aspect, posted on 11/08/2015. https://otheraspect.org/category/revisionism-of-mao/.

  7. 7.

    Qi, B (2016): A Memoir of Qi Benyu. Hong Kong: 中国文革历史出版社, pp. 669–670.

  8. 8.

    Yang, J (2016): The World Turned Upside Down? Hong Kong: Cosmos Books, p. 1127.

  9. 9.

    “A Dialogue with Du Daozheng: on New Democracy.” Southern People Weekly, 04/11/2011. http://news.sohu.com/20111104/n324552378.shtml.

  10. 10.

    Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, vol 3. Beijing: renmin chubanshe, 1993, pp. 110–111.

  11. 11.

    OECD Data: Income Inequality. https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm; Gini Coefficient by Country 2021: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/gini-coefficient-by-country.

  12. 12.

    Saussy, H (2001): Great Walls of Discourse and Other Adventures in Cultural China. 1st ed., vol. 212, Harvard University Asia Center, p. 237.

  13. 13.

    Song Yijun: “Revealing the secret: Mao Zedong talked about training successors in 1964.” 09/06/2013, People’s Daily Online: news network of the Chinese Communist Party. http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n/2013/0609/c85037-21804526.html.

  14. 14.

    Wu, Y (2014): The Cultural Revolution at the Margins: Chinese Socialism in Crisis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p. 58, 60.

  15. 15.

    “The Meteor That Cuts Through the Night—Record of Yu Luoke, the Pioneer of Emancipation of Thought.” Guangming Daily, 21–22/07/1980; Jin Zhong (ed.) (2010): Yu Luoke: China’s Human Rights Pioneer. Hong Kong: Open Press.

  16. 16.

    Yu, Luoke: “On Class Origins.” 18/01/1967. https://www.marxists.org/chinese/reference-books/minjian-1966-1976/05.htm.

  17. 17.

    Hu Ping: “Interpretation of Zhou Enlai in his later years.” 27/07/2017. https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/83833.

  18. 18.

    Charles Reeve’s Review on Yiching Wu’s The Cultural Revolution at the Margins: Chinese Socialism in Crisis, published on H-Socialisms (October 2015). https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=43036.

  19. 19.

    Yan, H (2017): In and Out of the Central Organization Department. New York: Mirror, p. 253.

  20. 20.

    Ibid., pp. 204–205.

  21. 21.

    Dikötter, F (2022): China after Mao—The Rise of a Superpower. London: Bloomsbury, p. 43.

  22. 22.

    Ho, W. C. (2013): “The New ‘Comprador Class’: The Re-emergence of Bureaucratic Capitalists in Post-Deng China.” Journal of Contemporary China, 22:83, pp. 812–827. The four infamous companies are: China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC, 1979), China Poly Group Corporation (Poly Group, 1983), China Everbright Group (Everbright, 1983), and Kanghua Development Corporation (Kanghua, 1984).

  23. 23.

    Luo, Y (2015): Bidding Farewell to the General Staff. Hong Kong: Open Books, p. 242.

  24. 24.

    Chen, Y (2013): A Memoire. Hong Kong: New Century Publisher, pp. 294–295.

  25. 25.

    Wang, Xizhe: “China’s Bureaucratic Bourgeoisie and the Insights of Chen Yun—An Interview with Yan Huai.” Mingjing News, 07/07/2018. https://www.mingjingnews.com/article/91551-80.

  26. 26.

    Ching Cheong: “How the CCP’s Crony Capitalism Came into Being?” HK: ejinsight, 29/05/2014. http://forum.hkej.com/nodel/113277.

  27. 27.

    The report titled “China’s Realistic Response and Strategic Choice after the Dramatic Change in the USSR” was drawn up by a group of princelings in the name of the Theory and Ideology Group of the official China Youth Daily, one of the key mouthpieces of the CCP affiliated with the Communist Youth League. The full text of this report was cited by China Spring, No. 1, 1992. http://non-violentes.blogspot.co.uk/2014/06/blog-post.html.

  28. 28.

    Luo, Xiaopeng: “The Premier’s Dilemma under the Party’s Heaven.” China-in-Perspective, 24/08/2012. https://chinainperspective.com/default.php?id=16432.

  29. 29.

    Shum, D (2021): Red Roulette—An Insider’s Story of Wealth, Power, Corruption and Vengeance in Today’s China. London: Simon & Schuster, p. 171.

  30. 30.

    Ibid., p. 283.

  31. 31.

    Yue, J (2018): China’s Rise in the Age of Globalization: Myth or Reality? London: Palgrave MacMillan. Chp. 4: From Tiananmen to Shenzhen: Transition to Capitalism, pp. 187–207.

  32. 32.

    Wang, Xizhe (2018): 07/07/2018. https://www.mingjingnews.com/article/91551-80.

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Yue, J. (2024). Market Socialism and the Emergence of China’s Crony Capitalism: The Role of the Princelings. In: Crony Comprador Capitalism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53154-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53154-5_2

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