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Autoantibodies in Raynaud’s Phenomenon

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Raynaud’s Phenomenon

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Abstract

The identification of autoantibodies associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) provides intriguing insight into the relationship between autoimmunity and vascular function. RP is frequently the presenting symptom of autoimmune rheumatic disease, e.g. in systemic sclerosis (SSc). As such, autoantibodies can help identify RP patients who are at risk of progression to systemic disease and prompt appropriate monitoring. As well as being serological biomarkers, autoantibodies may directly contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction. In this chapter, we shall discuss the various methods of autoantibody detection, their diagnostic and prognostic importance, and the potential contribution of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of RP.

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Abbreviations

ACA:

Anticentromere antibody

aCL:

Anticardiolipin antibody

AECA:

Anti-endothelial cell antibody

ANA:

Anti-nuclear antibody

ANCA:

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

APLA:

Antiphospholipid antibody

APLS:

Antiphospholipid syndrome

ARD:

Autoimmune rheumatic disease

B23:

Anti-B23 phosphoprotein antibody

CCP:

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody

CENP:

Centromere protein

CTD:

Connective tissue disease

DM:

Dermatomyositis

dsDNA:

Anti-double-stranded DNA antibody

DU:

Digital ulceration

EJ:

Anti-glycyl tRNA synthetase antibody

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ENA:

Extractable nuclear antigens

EUSTAR:

EULAR scleroderma trials and research

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

Ha:

Anti-threonyl tRNA synthetase antibody

HEp2:

Human epithelial 2 cell

HMGCR:

Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutanyl Co-A reductase antibody

IIF:

Indirect immunofluorescence

IIM:

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

IP:

Immunoprecipitation

IPAF:

Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features

Jo-1:

Anti-histadyl tRNA synthetase autoantibody

js:

Anti-glutaminyl tRNA synthetase antibody

KS:

Anti-asparaginyl tRNA synthetase antibody

Ku:

Anti-Ku antibody

LA:

Lupus anticoagulant

MCTD:

Mixed connective tissue disease

MDA5:

Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody

Mi-2:

Anti-nuclear helicase-ATPase Mi-2 antibody

Nor 90:

Anti-nucleolus organizing region 90kD antibody

NXP2:

Anti-nuclear matrix protein antibody

OJ:

Anti-isoleucyl tRNA synthetase antibody

PAH:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

PL12:

Anti-threonyl tRNA synthetase antibody

PL7:

Anti-alanyl tRNA synthetase antibody

PM:

Polymyositis

PM-Scl:

Anti-polymyositis/Scl antibody

PSS:

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

RF:

Rheumatoid factor

RNAPIII:

Anti-RNA polymerase III

RP:

Raynaud’s phenomenon

RuvBL1/2:

Anti-RuvBL1 and 2 complex antibody

SAE:

Anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier acting enzyme antibody

SC:

Anti-lysyl tRNA synthetase antibody

Scl 70:

Anti-scleroderma 70 antibody (anti-topoisomerase)

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Sm:

Anti-Smith antibody

SRP:

Anti-signal recognition particle antibody

SSc:

Systemic sclerosis

Th/To:

Anti-ribonucleoprotein antibody

TIF1γ:

Anti-transcript intermediary factor 1γ

U1RNP:

Anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein

U3RNP:

Anti-U3 ribonucleoprotein (anti-fibrillarin)

VEDOSS:

Very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis

Zo:

Anti-phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase antibody

β2-GP-I:

Anti-β2 glycoprotein-I antibody

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Juliet Dunphy, formerly of Bath Institute for Rheumatic Diseases diagnostics laboratory (2013) for provision of illustrative photos of immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation.

Acknowledgements to co-authors of first edition.

John D. Pauling B.Med.Sci., M.R.C.P. (rheumatology), Ph.D. consultant rheumatologist.

Neil McHugh BM.B.Ch.B., M.D. (thesis), F.R.A.C.P., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.Path. consultant rheumatologist, professor of pharmacoepidemiology.

The authors would like to acknowledge John D. Pauling, Neil McHugh for their contribution to the previous edition of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rheumatology Department, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospitals Bath, Bath, UK

    Victoria Flower

  2. Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK

    Victoria Flower

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  1. School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Fredrick M. Wigley

  2. Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Ariane L. Herrick

  3. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Nicholas A. Flavahan

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Flower, V. (2024). Autoantibodies in Raynaud’s Phenomenon. In: Wigley, F.M., Herrick, A.L., Flavahan, N.A. (eds) Raynaud’s Phenomenon. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52581-0_13

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