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Urban Design for Health: Innovation for Sustainable Smart City After the Pandemic

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Advancing Smart Cities (FSC 2022)

Part of the book series: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation ((ASTI))

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Abstract

While the present concept of a smart city mainly focuses on technology without considering health and sustainable development, the Coronavirus pandemic has reflected that health indeed affects the economy and society in all aspects even the leading smart cities with cutting-edge technologies were inevitably affected by the pandemic. Hence, the study on smart city core driving (SMCd) building after the pandemic with attention on health and sustainability is crucial. The purpose of this research is to present a new model of smart city highlighting health as a driver of development, integrating a health sustainability model suitable to the locality. The study used the Exploratory Factory Analysis (EFA) under the Factor Analysis (FA) method to find correlation among variables, which were explored and selected by Del-phi method (DM) conducted among multi-specialist fields while the model efficiency was conducted through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) exploring correlation among variables from the cause-and-effect approach. The result shows that the statistical values are reliable, meeting all criteria with the CMIN/DF = 1.78, RMSEA = .04, GFI = .95, AGFI = .93, RMR = .06, NFI = .94, TLI = .97, CFI = .98, and IFI = .98 in compliance with well level. The analysis contributes to the findings of correlations among SMCd in each aspect that affects the smart city building model with consideration on health core driving.

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Competing Interests

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this chapter.

Abbreviations

EFA::

Exploratory Factory Analysis

CFA::

Confirmatory Factor Analysis

SSc::

Smart sustainable city

SMCd::

Smart city core driving factors

INDv::

Institution driving factors

HMDv::

Human driving factors

TNDv::

Technology driving factors

ECDv::

Economic driving factors

HEDv::

Health driving factors

ENDv::

Environment driving factors

HSDv::

Human & social driving factors

IOC::

Item-Objective Congruence

SSCHM::

The sustainable smart city with health driven model

FA::

Factor analysis

KMO::

Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test

KW::

Kendall's W

IQR::

The Interquartile Range

SD::

Standard Deviation

MD::

Median

CMIN/DF:

Relative Chi-Square

RMSEA::

Root means square error of approximation

GFI::

Goodness of Fit index

AGFI::

The adjusted goodness of fit index

RMR::

Root of mean square residuals

NFI::

Normed Fit Index

TLI::

Non-Normed-fit index (Tucker-Lewis)

CFI::

The comparative fit index

C.r.::

Critical ratio

C.R.::

Composite Reliability

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Funding

This research received no external funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Management Science, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, 38 Village No. 8, Hat Chao Samran Road, Na Wung, Mueang, Phetchaburi, 76000, Thailand

    Nutthawut Ritmak

  2. School of Engineering, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, 126/1 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Din Daeng Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Varin Vongmanee & Wanchai Rattanawong

Authors
  1. Nutthawut Ritmak
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  2. Varin Vongmanee
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  3. Wanchai Rattanawong
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Contributions

Conceptualization, V.V.; Methodology, V.V.; Formal analysis, N.R.; Investigation, N.R.; Writing—original draft, N.R.; Writing—review & editing, W.R.; Supervision, V.V. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Varin Vongmanee .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Computer and Communication Sciences (IINFCOM), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Media and Design Laboratory (LDM), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

    Simon Elias Bibri

  2. SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Anna Visvizi

  3. Department of Political and Communication Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy

    Orlando Troisi

Ethics declarations

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce (protocol code UTCCEC/Excemp057/2022 and date of approval 17 October 2022).

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

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© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

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Ritmak, N., Vongmanee, V., Rattanawong, W. (2024). Urban Design for Health: Innovation for Sustainable Smart City After the Pandemic. In: Bibri, S.E., Visvizi, A., Troisi, O. (eds) Advancing Smart Cities. FSC 2022. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52303-8_5

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