Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain to Secure Smart Cities’ Services and Applications

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence

  • 29 Accesses

Abstract

The rapid transformation of traditional cities into smart cities has caused notable cybersecurity gaps. Smart cities’ applications and services are usually developed to deliver efficiency and enhanced user experience. They also heavily rely on the information technology infrastructure. The integration of AI and blockchain with the smart cities’ services and applications has also become increasingly popular over the years. Severe cyber-attacks targeted on smart cities’ services and applications have occurred during recent years for example Atalanta’s Cyberattack. This research aims to highlight one of the most crucial areas of the smart cities, securing their critical services and application with the assistance of AI and blockchain. Cybersecurity has been one of the concerns for smart cities due to the vast amount of data being generated from their services and applications. Lack of efficiency in managing and securing these data pose a significant challenge. Using traditional cybersecurity techniques, procedures and human cybersecurity professionals become no longer adequate for most of the cases for example threat analysis and analysing security footage. The use of AI and blockchain technologies to address these security issues will be explored in this research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Anon (2020) Direct acyclic graph tangle (DAG). [Online]. Available at: https://tokens-economy.gitbook.io/consensus/chain-based-dag/direct-acyclic-graph-tangle-dag. Accessed 30 Apr 2023

  2. Anthony So WSZN (2020) The applied artificial intelligence workshop. Packt Publishing, Birmingham

    Google Scholar 

  3. Appelcline S (2022) BlockchainCommons learning-bitcoin-from-the-command-line. [Online]. Available at: https://github.com/BlockchainCommons/Learning-Bitcoin-from-the-Command-Line. Accessed 13 July 2023

  4. Baggetta M (2022) A concise history of blockchain technology. [Online]. Available at: https://blockgeeks.com/guides/history-of-blockchain/. Accessed 29 Apr 2023

  5. Biance Academy (n.d.) 51% attack. [Online]. Available at: https://academy.binance.com/en/glossary/51-percent-attack. Accessed 1 July 2023

  6. Bitcoin.org (n.d.) How does bitcoin work? [Online]. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/en/how-it-works. Accessed 18 July 2023

  7. Coinbase (2023) What is a bitcoin wallet? [Online]. Available at: https://help.coinbase.com/en/coinbase/getting-started/crypto-education/what-is-a-bitcoin-wallet. Accessed 14 July 2023

  8. Coursera (2023) What is data analysis? (With examples). [Online]. Available at: https://www.coursera.org/articles/what-is-data-analysis-with-examples. Accessed 14 July 2023

  9. Cryptopedia Staff (2021) Centralized, decentralized, & distributed networks. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/blockchain-network-decentralized-distributed-centralized#section-what-is-a-distributed-network. Accessed 27 Apr 2023

  10. Databricks (n.d.) Neural network. [Online]. Available at: https://www.databricks.com/glossary/neural-network. Accessed 29 Apr 2023

  11. Deloitte (n.d.) Blockchain for smart cities series: blockchain and smart cities. [Online]. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/za/en/pages/financial-services/articles/blockchain-for-smart-cities-article-3-of-3.html. Accessed 6 June 2023

  12. Elusanmi K (2022) 4 types of blockchain network. [Online]. Available at: https://prestmit.com/blog/4-types-of-blockchain-network/. Accessed 18 July 2023

  13. European Commission (n.d.) Smart cities. [Online]. Available at: https://commission.europa.eu/eu-regional-and-urban-development/topics/cities-and-urban-development/city-initiatives/smart-cities_en. Accessed 24 June 2023

  14. European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (n.d.) Blockchain and crypto assets. [Online]. Available at: https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/browse/digitalisation-and-financial-innovation/blockchain-and-crypto-assets_en. Accessed 27 Apr 2023

  15. Feiner L (2023) Chinese hackers outnumber FBI cyber staff 50 to 1, bureau director says. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/28/chinese-hackers-outnumber-fbi-cyber-staff-50-to-1-director-wray-says.html. Accessed 2 June 2023

  16. Ferrandez AQ (2020) Blockchain technology in emergency response. [Online]. Available at: https://www.iaacblog.com/programs/blockchain-technology-emergency-response/. Accessed 15 June 2023

  17. Frankenfield J (2022) Nonce: what it means and how it’s used in blockchain. [Online]. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nonce.asp. Accessed 28 Apr 2023

  18. Gaur V, Gaiha A (2020) Building a transparent supply chain. [Online]. Available at: https://hbr.org/2020/05/building-a-transparent-supply-chain

  19. Ghorbanzadeh M (2023) Proof-of-stake (PoS). [Online]. Available at: https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pos/. Accessed 18 July 2023

  20. GR0KCHAIN (2020) Bitcoin wire protocol 101. [Online]. Available at: https://bitcoindev.network/bitcoin-wire-protocol/. Accessed 18 July 2023

  21. Green PS (2021) Smart contracts. [Online]. Available at: https://www.lawcom.gov.uk/project/smart-contracts/. Accessed 9 June 2023

  22. Horizen Contributor (2023) Blockchain attacks. [Online]. Available at: https://www.horizen.io/academy/blockchain-attacks/#:~:text=The%20best%2Dknown%20type%20of,hash%20rate%2C%20hence%20the%20name. Accessed 30 June 2023

  23. HSBC Bank Canada (2023) Supply chain fraud. [Online]. Available at: https://www.business.hsbc.ca/en-ca/campaigns/cybercrime/supply-chain-fraud. Accessed 10 June 2023

  24. IBM (n.d.) Artificial intelligence (AI) for cybersecurity. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/security/artificial-intelligence. Accessed 2 June 2023

  25. IBM (n.d.) Blockchain for digital identity and credentials. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/blockchain-identity. Accessed 6 June 2023

  26. IBM (n.d.) What is blockchain technology? [Online]. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/topics/blockchain. Accessed 29 Apr 2023

  27. IOTA (n.d.) IOTA. [Online]. Available at: https://www.iota.org/get-started/what-is-iota. Accessed 30 Apr 2023

  28. Iredale G (2020) History of blockchain technology: a detailed guide. [Online]. Available at: https://101blockchains.com/history-of-blockchain-timeline/. Accessed 29 Apr 2023

  29. Khawaja MF (2021) VirtualBox vs. VMware player: the best virtual machine for windows. [Online]. Available at: https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/best-virtual-machine-windows/. Accessed 30 June 2023

  30. Lake J (2019) Smart cities, cybersecurity and privacy: what are the risks? [Online]. Available at: https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/smart-cities-privacy-risks/. Accessed 25 June 2023

  31. Lampros Tech (2023) Blockchain 4.0—the future. [Online]. Available at: https://lampros.tech/four-blockchain-generations/. Accessed 29 Apr 2023

  32. Microsoft (2023) Deep learning vs. machine learning in Azure machine learning. [Online]. Available at: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/concept-deep-learning-vs-machine-learning?view=azureml-api-2. Accessed 28 Apr 2023

  33. Microsoft (n.d.) What is computer vison? [Online]. Available at: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/resources/cloud-computing-dictionary/what-is-computer-vision/. Accessed 29 Apr 2023

  34. Napoletano E (2023) Proof of work explained. [Online]. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/cryptocurrency/proof-of-work/. Accessed 18 July 2023

  35. Okta (2022) Self-sovereign identity (SSI): autonomous identity management. [Online]. Available at: https://www.okta.com/identity-101/self-sovereign-identity/. Accessed 6 June 2023

  36. Originstamp (n.d.) Has there ever been a 51% attack on bitcoin? [Online]. Available at: https://originstamp.com/blog/has-there-ever-been-a-51-attack-on-bitcoin/. Accessed 19 July 2023

  37. Pandey R (2019) What is a block in BlockChain? [Online]. Available at: https://blogs.sap.com/2019/01/14/what-is-a-block-in-blockchain/. Accessed 29 Apr 2023

  38. Parah B (2023) Testnet faucets. [Online]. Available at: https://gist.github.com/b3h3rkz/030fa553cf2bc3f1ab09c178df5981e6. Accessed 14 July 2023

  39. Quadri MH (2021) Open source is powering the blockchain revolution. [Online]. Available at: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2021/09/open-source-is-powering-the-blockchain-revolution/. Accessed 28 Apr 2023

  40. Roots S (2022) What is IOTA? [Online]. Available at: https://changelly.com/blog/what-is-iota-miota-about/. Accessed 30 Apr 2023

  41. SAS Institute Inc. (n.d.) Artificial intelligence: what it is and why it matters. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sas.com/en_us/insights/analytics/what-is-artificial-intelligence.html. Accessed 27 Apr 2023

  42. SAS Institute Inc. (n.d.) Natural language processing (NLP): what it is and why it matters. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sas.com/en_gb/insights/analytics/what-is-natural-language-processing-nlp.html. Accessed 29 Apr 2023

  43. Shardeum (n.d.) Tangle vs blockchain: which is better. [Online]. Available at: https://shardeum.org/blog/tangle-vs-blockchain/#:~:text=Tangle%20is%20more%20agile%2C%20scalable,make%20it%20heavier%20and%20slower. Accessed 30 Apr 2023

  44. Simonceli S (2021) Mining crypto with CPU (cpuminer-multi setup guide). [Online]. Available at: https://skyenet.tech/mining-bitcoin/. Accessed 12 July 2023

  45. Strom D (2021) What is IAM? Identity and access management explained. [Online]. Available at: https://www.csoonline.com/article/2120384/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management-explained.html. Accessed 6 June 2023

  46. Tableau Software (n.d.) Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms: a complete overview. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tableau.com/data-insights/ai/algorithms. Accessed 3 May 2023

  47. Tatro P (2019) How blockchain can improve public safety. [Online]. Available at: https://gcn.com/emerging-tech/2019/04/how-blockchain-can-improve-public-safety/298234/. Accessed 15 June 2023

  48. Trends I (2023) How can AI improve & manage vulnerability scanning operations? [Online]. Available at: https://www.analyticsinsight.net/how-can-ai-improve-manage-vulnerability-scanning-operations/. Accessed 2 June 2023

  49. VMware, Inc. (n.d.) What is behavioral analysis. [Online]. Available at: https://www.vmware.com/topics/glossary/content/behavioral-analysis.html. Accessed 4 June 2023

  50. Watson D (2021) Structure of a block in blockchain. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2021/06/structure-of-a-block-in-blockchain.html. Accessed 28 Apr 2023

  51. Webio (n.d.) What is the difference between cognitive computing and AI? [Online]. Available at: https://www.webio.com/faq/what-is-the-difference-between-cognitive-computing-and-ai#:~:text=In%20short%2C%20the%20purpose%20of,human%20thinking%20and%20decision%2Dmaking. Accessed 29 Apr 2023

  52. Wickramasinghe S (2023) Behavioral analytics explained: how analyzing (odd) behavior supports cybersecurity. [Online]. Available at: https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/learn/behavioral-analytics.html. Accessed 4 June 2023

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Northumbria University, London, UK

    Vishel Han Zaw Tun & Hamid Jahankhani

Authors
  1. Vishel Han Zaw Tun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hamid Jahankhani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hamid Jahankhani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Northumbria University London, London, UK

    Hamid Jahankhani

  2. School of Business & Law, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK

    Gordon Bowen

  3. School of Architecture, Comp. and Eng., University of East London, London, UK

    Mhd Saeed Sharif

  4. London, UK

    Osama Hussien

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tun, V.H.Z., Jahankhani, H. (2024). Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain to Secure Smart Cities’ Services and Applications. In: Jahankhani, H., Bowen, G., Sharif, M.S., Hussien, O. (eds) Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52272-7_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52272-7_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-52271-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-52272-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation