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Genre Trouble: Netflix’s Lady Dynamite and Self-Help Television

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Adapting Television and Literature

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Adaptation and Visual Culture ((PSADVC))

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Abstract

The focus in this chapter is on Mitchell Hurwitz’s Netflix show, Lady Dynamite (2016–2017)—an audacious and challenging comedy, drawn from the real life of comedian Maria Bamford. In formal terms, the show moves fluidly across time periods, signalled by a number of different visual ‘looks’, with Bamford’s life and work treated as a kind of experimental memoir or scripted stand-up special. Beyond the relentless structural and stylistic zaniness, argues Taveira, lies a sobering and unflinching exploration of mental illness and resilience, presented as ‘Self-Help TV.’ By exploiting the genre of the self-help manual and its adaptation histories, Taveira explores Lady Dynamite’s attempts to both appropriate therapeutic ambition and also subject it to unsparing ridicule. Considering adaptation alongside its source text, Bamford’s stand-up oeuvre, and a history of adapting women’s stand-up for TV, including Roseanne (1988–2018) and Fleabag (2016–2019), Taveira introduces both scripted stand-up and the self-help book as ‘performative infidelities’ (Stam, 2017), literature worthy of study and adaptation that sprouts texts with their own extended, limitless afterlives.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Robert Stam, “Revisionist Adaptation: Transtextuality, Cross-Cultural Dialogism, and Performative Infidelities,” The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies, ed. Thomas Lietch (Oxford University Press, 2017), 240.

  2. 2.

    Stam, “Revisionist Adaptation,” 247.

  3. 3.

    Kyle Ryan, “Maria Bamford is no longer terrified of her TV show,” AV Club, November 6, 2017, https://www.avclub.com/maria-bamford-is-no-longer-terrified-of-her-tv-show-1820081050

  4. 4.

    Kaitlyn Tiffany, “Lady Dynamite’s brilliant second season is openly hostile toward Netflix, its platform,” The Verge, November 16, 2017, https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/15/16635320/lady-dynamite-season-two-review-netflix-maria-bamford

  5. 5.

    Inkoo Kang, “Lady Dynamite Season 2: TV Review,” The Hollywood Reporter, November 1, 2017, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-reviews/lady-dynamite-season-2-review-1053137/

  6. 6.

    Rebecca Wanzo, “Precarious-Girl Comedy: Issa Rae, Lena Dunham, and Abjection Aesthetics,” Camera Obscura 92, no. 2 (2016): 28. https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3592565

  7. 7.

    Sara Corbett, “The Weird, Scary and Ingenious Brain of Maria Bamford,” New York Times, July 17, 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/20/magazine/the-weird-scary-and-ingenious-brain-of-maria-bamford.html

  8. 8.

    I will refer to the character Maria Bamford as Maria and the real-life Maria Bamford as Bamford.

  9. 9.

    Lady Dynamite, season 1, episode 1, “Pilot,” directed by Mitchell Hurwitz, written by Pam Brady and Mitchell Hurwitz, aired May 20, 2016, on Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/watch/80046194

  10. 10.

    Lady Dynamite, “Pilot.”

  11. 11.

    Lady Dynamite, season 2, episode 1, “Wet Racoon,” directed by Ryan McFaul, written by Pam Brady, aired November 10, 2017, on Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/watch/80133246

  12. 12.

    Maria Bamford, “Maria Bamford: The First Time Someone Loved Me for Who I Really Am,” New York Times. October 31, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/31/arts/television/maria-bamford-lady-dynamite.html

  13. 13.

    Mike Spry, “Kicking Television: Depression and the Sitcom,” Indiewire, November 30, 2015, https://www.indiewire.com/2015/11/kicking-television-depression-and-the-sitcom-131888/

  14. 14.

    Lady Dynamite, season 1, episode 9, “No Friend Left Behind,” directed by Ben Berman, written by Theresa Mulligan Rosenthal, aired May 20, 2016, on Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/watch/80046402

  15. 15.

    Lady Dynamite, season 1, episode 12, “Enter the Super Grisham,” directed by Max Winkler, written by Pam Brady, aired May 20, 2016, https://www.netflix.com/watch/80046405

  16. 16.

    Lady Dynamite, “Pilot.”

  17. 17.

    Beth Blum, The Self-Help Compulsion (New York: Columbia University Press, 2020), 7.

  18. 18.

    Blum, The Self-Help Compulsion, 1.

  19. 19.

    Blum, 9.

  20. 20.

    Blum, 29.

  21. 21.

    In Season 2, Maria/Bamford explicitly laments, direct-to-camera, what she critiques as discrimination against bisexuals in this episode.

  22. 22.

    Lady Dynamite, season 1, episode 2, “Bisexual Because of Meth,” directed by Andrew Fleming, written by Theresa Mulligan Rosenthal, aired May 20, 2016, on Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/watch/80046195

  23. 23.

    Julia Havas and Maria Sulimma, “Through the Gaps of My Fingers: Genre, Femininity, and Cringe Aesthetics in Dramedy Television,” Television & New Media 21, no. 1 (2020): 76. https://doi.org/10.1177/15274764187778

  24. 24.

    Blum, The Self-Help Compulsion, 3.

  25. 25.

    Sianne Ngai, Our Aesthetic Categories: Zany, Cute, Interesting (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012), 178.

  26. 26.

    Ngai, Our Aesthetic Categories, 182.

  27. 27.

    Lady Dynamite, “Pilot.”

  28. 28.

    Lady Dynamite, “Wet Racoon.”

  29. 29.

    Andrea Long Chu, “The Impossibility of Feminism,” Differences, 30, no. 1 (2019): 67, emphasis added.

  30. 30.

    Lady Dynamite, “Bisexual Because of Meth.”

  31. 31.

    Lady Dynamite, “Bisexual Because of Meth.”

  32. 32.

    Lauren Berlant, Cruel Optimism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011), 6.

  33. 33.

    Billy Holzberg and Aura Lehtonen, “The affective life of heterosexuality: heteropessimism and postfeminism in Fleabag,” Feminist Media Studies 22, no.8 (2022): 1902. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2021.1922485

  34. 34.

    See Orlaith Darling, “‘The moment you realise someone wants your body’: Neoliberalism, mindfulness and female embodiment in Fleabag,” Feminist Media Studies 22, no. 1 (2022): 132–147, https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2020.1797848, and Jessica Beaumont, “Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s Fleabag(s): Direct address and narrative control from stage to small screen,” Journal of International Women’s Studies 22, no. 2 (2021): 103–119, https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss2/10

  35. 35.

    Martin Shuster, “Fleabag, Modernism, and New Television,” Canadian Review of American Studies 51, no. 3 (2021): 324–36. https://doi.org/ 10.3138/cras-2020-013

  36. 36.

    Ada S. Jaarsma, “Fleabag’s Pedagogy of the Gimmick,” Open Philosophy 5, no. 1 (2022): 90–104. https://doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2020-0156

  37. 37.

    Denise Wong, “Gazing Beyond the Fourth Wall: Shame and Second-Person Narration in Fleabag,” Textural Practice 36, no. 10 (2022): 1689–1711. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950236X.2021.1971751

  38. 38.

    Anna Wilson, “‘Where did you go?!” Trans-diegetic address and formal innovation in Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s television series Fleabag,” The International Journal of Television Studies 17, no. 4 (2022): 422. https://doi.org/10.1177/17496020221108923

  39. 39.

    Darling, “‘The moment you realise someone wants your body’: Neoliberalism, mindfulness and female embodiment in Fleabag,” 145.

  40. 40.

    Havas and Sulimma, “Through the Gaps of My Fingers: Genre, Femininity, and Cringe Aesthetics in Dramedy Television,” 1905.

  41. 41.

    Faye Woods, “Too Close for Comfort: Direct Address and the Affective Pull of the Confessional Comic Woman in Chewing Gum and Fleabag,” Communication Culture & Critique 12, no.2 (2019): 210. https://doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcz014

  42. 42.

    Fleabag, season 2, episode 2, “The Café’s Thriving Business,” written by Phoebe Waller-Bridge, directed by Harry Bradbeer, aired on March 4, 2019, on BBC One.

  43. 43.

    Tina Fey, “Phoebe Waller-Bridge Interviewed by Tina Fey,” GQ, 10 July 2019, 2.

  44. 44.

    Wanzo, “Precarious-Girl Comedy,” 85–6.

  45. 45.

    Fleabag, season 1, episode 6, “The One Who Got Away With It,” written by Phoebe Waller-Bridge, directed by Harry Bradbeer, aired on August 25, 2016, on BBC Three.

  46. 46.

    Tom Brown, Breaking the Fourth Wall: Direct Address in the Cinema (Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2012), 171.

  47. 47.

    Wilson, “‘Where did you go?!” Trans-diegetic address and formal innovation in Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s television series Fleabag,” 420.

  48. 48.

    Fleabag, season 2, episode 3, “The Anger,” written by Phoebe Waller-Bridge, directed by Harry Bradbeer, aired on March 11, 2019, on BBC One.

  49. 49.

    Roseanne Barr, “Twitter / @therealroseanne: muslim brotherhood…,” May 39, 2018, https://twitter.com/therealroseanne/status/1001353729872773121

  50. 50.

    Kathleen K. Rowe, “Roseanne: Unruly Woman as Domestic Goddess,” Screen 31, no. 4 (1990): 414, original emphasis, https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/31.4.408

  51. 51.

    Rowe, “Roseanne: Unruly Woman as Domestic Goddess,” 44.

  52. 52.

    Lady Dynamite, “Wet Racoon.”

  53. 53.

    Fleabag, season 1, episode 1, “The Business Loan Refusal,” written by Phoebe Waller-Bridge, directed by Harry Bradbeer, aired on July 21, 2016, on BBC Three.

  54. 54.

    Roseanne, season 2, episode 8, “Sweet Dreams,” written by Matt Williams, directed by John Pasquin, aired November 7, 1989, on ABC. Viacom Enterprises.

  55. 55.

    Paul Attalah, “The Unworthy Discourse: Situation Comedy in Television,” in Critiquing the Sitcom: A Reader, ed. Joanne Morreale (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2003), 93.

  56. 56.

    Michael Z. Newman and Elana Levine, Legitimating Television: Media Convergence and Cultural Status (New York: Routledge, 2012), 59, 79.

  57. 57.

    André Gaudreault and Philippe Marion, “An Art of Borrowing: The intermedial sources of adaptation,” in The Routledge Companion to Adaptation, eds. Dennis Cutchins, Katja Krebs, and Eckart Voigts (Oxon, UK: Routledge, 2018), 327.

  58. 58.

    Gaudreault and Marion, “An Art of Borrowing: The intermedial sources of adaptation,” 327–8.

  59. 59.

    David Gillota, “Beyond Liveness: Experimentation in the Stand-Up Special,” Studies in American Humor 6, no. 1 (2020): 57, https://doi.org/10.5325/studamerhumor.6.1.0044

  60. 60.

    “The Special Special Special!” written by Maria Bamford, directed by Jordan Brady, aired on May 30, 2017, on Netflix.

  61. 61.

    “Old Baby,” written by Maria Bamford, directed by Jessica Yu, aired on May 2, 2017, on Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/watch/80133663

  62. 62.

    Lady Dynamite, “Enter the Super Grisham.”

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Correspondence to Rodney Taveira .

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Taveira, R. (2024). Genre Trouble: Netflix’s Lady Dynamite and Self-Help Television. In: Worthy, B., Sheehan, P. (eds) Adapting Television and Literature. Palgrave Studies in Adaptation and Visual Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50832-5_4

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