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Queering Emily Dickinson for the Millennial Age

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Adapting Television and Literature

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Adaptation and Visual Culture ((PSADVC))

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Abstract

Dickinson, the 2019 Apple TV+ series created by Alena Smith, is a very queer YA adaptation. As argued elsewhere, queer and adaptation are parallel terms, both shaping the ways that we approach or reflect on given texts. In other words, ‘To adapt is to modify … To queer something is to make it strange or odd … or transform it. To queer, then, may be to adapt’ (Demory 2019). Dickinson is queer in its representation of the poet as a passionate young woman sexually involved with her sister-in-law (reflecting recent scholarship on the misrepresentation of Dickinson and her manuscripts). But its queerness also queers the literary canon and destabilises conventional narrative forms; in its queer approach to history and time, Dickinson invites and encourages queer spectatorship. In other words, as a ‘revisionist adaptation’ (Stam 2017) the show works to reveal the queerness of the poet and her work that was already there, subverting the conventional biopic through what has been called a ‘dramatization of literary history’ (Lyall 1915) to represent Dickinson as an ordinary young woman. Dickinson’s treatment of time and history thus entreats its viewers to reexamine their preconceived ideas about nineteenth-century literature and culture.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Ellen Louise Hart and Martha Nell Smith, Open Me Carefully: Emily Dickinson’s Intimate Letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson (Wesleyan UP, 1998), xiii.

  2. 2.

    Hart and Smith, Open Me Carefully, xiii.

  3. 3.

    Hart and Smith, xiv.

  4. 4.

    Philip Weiss, “Beethoven’s Hair Tells All!” The New York Times Magazine, November 29, 1998, https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/29/magazine/beethoven-s-hair-tells-all.html

  5. 5.

    Marianne Noble, “Emily Dickinson in the Twenty-First Century,” American Literature 93, no. 2 (June 2021), 285, https://doi.org/10.1215/00029831-9003596

  6. 6.

    Martha Dickinson Bianchi, Editor’s Preface, The Single Hound: Poems of a Lifetime by Emily Dickinson (Little, Brown, 1914, Kindle), loc. 11.

  7. 7.

    Bianchi, The Single Hound, loc. 86.

  8. 8.

    Bianchi, loc. 11.

  9. 9.

    Quoted in Katy Waldman, “Alena Smith’s Subversive “Dickinson” The New Yorker, February 25, 2021, https://www.newyorker.com/culture/persons-of-interest/alena-smiths-subversive-dickinson

  10. 10.

    Noble, “Emily Dickinson in the Twenty-First Century,” 286.

  11. 11.

    Jackson McHenry, “Wild Nights: The Story Behind Dickinson, a Sexy, Queer, Gothic, Millennial Apple TV+ Sitcom,” Vulture, Oct. 28, 2019, www.vulture.com/2019/10/emily-dickinson-apple-tv.html

  12. 12.

    Defne Ursin Tutan, “Adaptation and History,” The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies, ed. Thomas Leitch. Oxford Handbooks Online (Oxford University Press, 2017), https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.33.

  13. 13.

    Alan Sepinwall, “‘Dickinson’ Review: A Heroine Out of Time and a Show Out of Whack,” Rolling Stone, 29 Oct 2019.

  14. 14.

    Carmel Kookogey, “Apple TV’s Dickinson Does Damage to the Poet’s Legacy,” National Review, Dec 16, 2019.

  15. 15.

    McHenry, “Wild Nights.”

  16. 16.

    Noble, “Emily Dickinson in the Twenty-First Century,” 283.

  17. 17.

    Pamela Demory, “Queer/Adaptation: An Introduction,” Queer/Adaptation, ed. Pamela Demory (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), 1. This introduction provides a fuller explanation of the concept of queer adaptation; see also my “Queer Adaptation” chapter in the Routledge Companion to Adaptation, eds. Dennis Cutchins, Katja Krebs, and Eckart Voigts (London: Routledge, 2018), 146–156.

  18. 18.

    Belén Vidal, “New Women’s Biopics: Performance and the Queering of Herstor/ies,” The European Journal of Life Writing 10 (2021), 27, https://doi.org/10.21827/ejlw.10.37911

  19. 19.

    Belén Vidal, “Introduction: The Biopic and Its Critical Contexts,” The Biopic in Contemporary Film Culture, eds. Tom Brown and Belén Vidal (New York: Routledge, 2013), 11.

  20. 20.

    McHenry, “Wild Nights.”

  21. 21.

    Dennis Bingham, Whose Lives Are They Anyway? The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2010), 4–5.

  22. 22.

    Sarah Lyall, “‘Dickinson’ Uses the Civil War to Explore Modern Divisions” The New York Times, 9 Nov 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/09/arts/television/dickinson-final-season.html

  23. 23.

    Bingham, Whose Lives Are They Anyway?, 10

  24. 24.

    Vidal, “Introduction,” 9.

  25. 25.

    Katrijn Bekers and Gertjan Willems, “The Woman Writer on Film and the #MeToo Literary Biopic” Adaptation (November 2021), https://doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apab020

  26. 26.

    Vidal, “New Women’s Biopics.”

  27. 27.

    Vidal, “New Women’s Biopics,” 28.

  28. 28.

    McHenry, “Wild Nights.”

  29. 29.

    Katy Waldman, “Alena Smith’s Subversive Dickinson.

  30. 30.

    Noble, “Emily Dickinson in the Twenty-First Century,” 288.

  31. 31.

    Peggy O’Brien, “Telling the Time with Emily Dickinson,” The Massachusetts Review 55, no. 3 (2014): 469, 477.

  32. 32.

    Elizabeth Freeman, Time Binds: Queer Temporalities, Queer Histories (Duke UP, 2010): xxii.

  33. 33.

    Freeman, Time Binds, x.

  34. 34.

    Glen Creeber, Small Screen Aesthetics: From Television to the Internet (London: BFI, 2013), 3.

  35. 35.

    Sarah Cardwell, “Television Amongst Friends: Medium, Art, Media,” Critical Studies in Television 9, no. 3, Autumn, 2014, 11.

  36. 36.

    Glyn Davis and Gary Needham, “Introduction: The Pleasures of the Tube,” Queer TV: Theories, Histories, Politics, eds. Glyn Davis and Gary Needham (Routledge, 2009), 4.

  37. 37.

    Michele Aaron, “Towards Queer Television Theory: Bigger Pictures Sans the Sweet Queer-after,” Queer TV (London: Routledge, 2008), 71–2.

  38. 38.

    Gary Needham, “Scheduling Normativity: Television, the Family, and Queer Temporality,” Queer TV (London: Routledge, 2008), 153.

  39. 39.

    Jason Mittell, Complex TV: the Poetics of Contemporary Television Storytelling (New York University Press, 2015), 26.

  40. 40.

    Valerie Rohy, “Exchanging Hours: A Dialogue on Time,” GLQ 23, no. 2 (2017): 253, https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-3750449

  41. 41.

    Judith Halberstam, In a Queer Time and Place: Transgender Bodies, Subcultural Lives (New York: NYU Press, 2005), 3. The name here refers to the book as published in 2005; I have used Halberstam’s current name, Jack, in the text.

  42. 42.

    Halberstam, In a Queer Time and Place, 2.

  43. 43.

    Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, qtd. in Rohy, “Exchanging Hours,” 253.

  44. 44.

    José Esteban Muñoz, Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity (NYU Press, 2009), 25.

  45. 45.

    Rohy, “Exchanging Hours,” 253.

  46. 46.

    Halberstam, In a Queer Time and Place, 2

  47. 47.

    Alena Smith, qtd. in Jackson McHenry, “Alena Smith Closes the Book on Dickinson,” Vulture, Dec. 24, 2021, www.vulture.com/article/alena-smith-explains-the-dickinson-finale.html

  48. 48.

    McHenry, “Alena Smith Closes”

  49. 49.

    Muñoz, Cruising Utopia, 1.

  50. 50.

    Joanna Mansbridge, “Adapting Queerness, Queering Adaptation: Fun Home on Broadway,” Adaptation, Awards Culture, and the Value of Prestige, eds. C. Kennedy-Karpat and E. Sandberg (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017), 77.

  51. 51.

    Alexander Doty, Making Things Perfectly Queer: Interpreting Mass Culture (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 4.

  52. 52.

    Sharyn Pearce, “Television, Entertainment and Education: Issues of Sexuality in Glee,” Popular Appeal: Books and Films in Contemporary Youth Culture, eds. Sharyn Pearce, Vivienne Muller, and Lesley Hawkes (Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars, 2013), 200.

  53. 53.

    Pearce, “Television, Entertainment and Education,” 200.

  54. 54.

    Mansbridge, “Adapting Queerness, Queering Adaptation,” 80.

  55. 55.

    Weiss, “Beethoven’s Hair Tells All!.”

  56. 56.

    Elizabeth Freeman, “Introduction,” GLQ 13, nos. 2–3 (2007): 168.

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Demory, P. (2024). Queering Emily Dickinson for the Millennial Age. In: Worthy, B., Sheehan, P. (eds) Adapting Television and Literature. Palgrave Studies in Adaptation and Visual Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50832-5_10

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