Abstract
In situ and ex situ inspection methods are needed to guarantee the functionality, performance, and structural integrity of additive manufactured (AM) components. Ex situ methods such as infrared thermography, X-ray computed tomography, and ultrasound are used to characterize the functionality and performance of components post-fabrication. In situ methods are used to detect manufacturing defects during the manufacturing processes in real time and to optimize quality control. In this paper, two full-field-of view methods for metrology in situ are described: structured light fringe projection (FP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Representative results show that shape measurements with FP can be applied to characterize creep and stress relaxation, while OCT has capabilities to measure surface and subsurface topologies to quantitatively identify subsurface voids and fabrication irregularities in real time. Our investigations indicate that FP and OCT can be miniaturized and integrated into AM environments. Furthermore, in situ measurements can enable the development of AI methods to enhance process monitoring and control real time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sterca, A.D., et al.: Evaluation of fused deposition modeling process parameters influence on 3D printed components by high precision metrology. In: Durakbasa, N.M., Gençyılmaz, M.G. (eds.) Digitizing Production Systems. Springer (2022) https://doi-org.ezpv7-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/10.1007/978-3-030-90421-0_24
Gorthi, S., Rastogi, P.: Fringe projection techniques: whither we are. Opt. Lasers Engg. 48, 133–140 (2010)
Zervas, M.: Development of a High Speed, Robust System for Full Field-of-View 3D Shape Measurement. M.S. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (2011)
Furlong, C., Dobrev, I., Harrington, E., Hefti, P., Khaleghi, M.: Miniaturization as a key factor to the development and application of advanced metrology systems. Proc. SPIE, Speckle. 2012, 84130T–84130T (2012)
Chen, X., Xi, J., Tao, J., Ye, J.: Research and development of an accurate 3D shape measurement system based on fringe projection: model analysis and performance evaluation. Prec. Engg. 32, 215–221 (2008)
Guo, W., Wu, Z., Xu, R., Zhang, Q., Fujigaki, M.: A fast reconstruction method for three-dimensional shape measurement using dual-frequency grating projection and phase-to-height lookup table. Opt. Laser Tech. 112, 269–277 (2019) https://doi-org.ezpv7-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.11.009
Bothe, T., Osten, W., Gesierich, A., Juptner, W.: Compact 3D-camera. Proc. SPIE. 4778, 48–59 (2002)
Schmitt, J.M.: Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a review. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Elect. 5(4), 1205–1215 (1999)
Pooladvand, K.: Multifunctional Testing Artifacts for Evaluation of 3D Printed Components by Fused Deposition Modeling. Ph.D. Dissertation, Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (2019)
Telesto® Series PS-OCT Systems, Thorlabs Inc. (2023). https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=12543
Salerni, A., Ruiz-Cadalso, D., Furlong, C.: Rapid 3D fabrication of micro-optical components for tailored imaging and sensing applications. IEEE RAPID. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID51799.2021.9521401
Multi-Level Diffractive Optical Elements, Nanoscribe GmbH. (2023). https://www.nanoscribe.com/en/applications/multi-level-diffractive-optical-elements/
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department. We would also like to thank our colleagues at the Center of Holographic Studies and Laser micro-mechaTronics (CHSLT).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zheng, H., Salerni, A., Furlong, C. (2024). Shape Measurements in Additive Manufacturing by Structured Light Projection In Situ. In: Furlong, C., Hwang, CH., Shaw, G., Berke, R., Pataky, G., Hutchens, S. (eds) Advancement of Optical Methods and Fracture and Fatigue, Volume 3. SEM 2023. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50499-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50499-0_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-50498-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-50499-0
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)