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Characterisation of 3D-Printed Auxetic Structures Under Low Velocity Blunt Force Impact for the Minimisation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Sport

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Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2024 (TMS 2024)

Part of the book series: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ((MMMS))

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Abstract

The present study evaluates the suitability of 3D-printed PETG Double Arrowhead (DAH) auxetic structures for increased impact resistance of soft-shell headgear and decreased probability of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI), during head-to-ground impacts in sport. A suitable structure should at minimum withstand 30 impacts at 100% likelihood of concussion and reliably absorb 15 J of energy from a 32 J impact to decrease the probability of MTBI from 100% to ~ 25% with less than 2% total plastic deformation. The peak force, peak acceleration, absorbed energy and cumulative damage of three distinct DAH auxetic structures were analysed by quasi-static compression and low velocity blunt force impact tests. The results of this experiment will aid the development of a new headgear technology which reduces the frequency of head trauma as a result of blunt force impact. This decreases the incidence of long-term effects induced by MBTIs.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and Information Technology, ZEIT4500/4501, The University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Campbell ACT, Australia

    Gracie Jeffrey, Jianshen Wang, Ali Ameri, Paul Hazell, Hongxu Wang & Juan Pablo Escobedo-Diaz

Authors
  1. Gracie Jeffrey
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  2. Jianshen Wang
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  3. Ali Ameri
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  4. Paul Hazell
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  5. Hongxu Wang
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  6. Juan Pablo Escobedo-Diaz
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juan Pablo Escobedo-Diaz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Central South University, Changsha, China

    Zhiwei Peng

  2. Baowu Ouyeel Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China

    Mingming Zhang

  3. CanmetMATERIALS, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Jian Li

  4. Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA

    Bowen Li

  5. Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Sergio Neves Monteiro

  6. Chem Service Inc., West Chester, PA, USA

    Rajiv Soman

  7. Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA

    Jiann-Yang Hwang

  8. Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye

    Yunus Eren Kalay

  9. University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Juan P. Escobedo-Diaz

  10. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA

    John S. Carpenter

  11. Army Research Office, Durham, NC, USA

    Andrew D. Brown

  12. Amman, Jordan

    Shadia Ikhmayies

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Jeffrey, G., Wang, J., Ameri, A., Hazell, P., Wang, H., Escobedo-Diaz, J.P. (2024). Characterisation of 3D-Printed Auxetic Structures Under Low Velocity Blunt Force Impact for the Minimisation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Sport. In: Peng, Z., et al. Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2024. TMS 2024. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50304-7_30

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