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Chronotyp und soziales Verhalten

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Schlaf, Persönlichkeit und soziales Verhalten

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Zusammenfassung

Ein später Chronotyp (oder eine Eule) ist jemand, der dazu neigt, spät ins Bett zu gehen und folglich später aufzustehen. Im Gegensatz dazu stehen Morgentypen (Lerchen) früher auf und gehen früher ins Bett. Männer und Frauen unterscheiden sich in ihrem Chronotyp. Frauen sind normalerweise frühere Chronotypen, die früher ins Bett gehen und früher einschlafen und dann etwas früher aufstehen. Interessanterweise entsteht dieser Unterschied mit der Pubertät und endet mit der Menopause, was auf eine reproduktive Funktion hindeutet. Aus einer evolutionären darwinistischen Perspektive handelt es sich dabei um einen sexuellen Dimorphismus, der durch sexuelle Selektion erklärt werden kann. Verschiedene Studien haben tatsächlich gezeigt, dass Männer des Abendtyps in Italien, Sri Lanka und Deutschland mehr sexuelle Partner berichteten. Darüber hinaus zeigen Studien, dass bei der Partnerwahl eine assortative Paarung stattfindet, d. h. Paare haben ähnlichere Chronotypen. Es gibt jedoch noch viele offene Fragen zu diesem Thema. Weitere Belege aus diesem kurzen Überblick zeigen, dass Morgenmenschen extravertierter und verträglicher sind. Eine der ungeklärten Fragen ist, ob diese Beziehungen und Assoziationen eine Folge von kürzerem und eingeschränktem Schlaf sind oder ob es sich um einen grundlegenden biologischen Zusammenhang handelt. Wenn Ersteres der Fall ist, würde eine Verlängerung der Schlafdauer für Eulen, insbesondere während der Woche, die Lebensqualität erhöhen und könnte einen positiven Einfluss auf das Sozialverhalten haben.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Biologie, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Christoph Randler

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  1. Christoph Randler
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Correspondence to Christoph Randler .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Zlatan Križan

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Randler, C. (2024). Chronotyp und soziales Verhalten. In: Križan, Z. (eds) Schlaf, Persönlichkeit und soziales Verhalten. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49766-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49766-7_3

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