Zusammenfassung
Frühe Studien über Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Schlaf dokumentierten erstmals wichtige Unterschiede in mehreren polysomnographischen Schlafparametern zwischen Patienten mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Kontrollpersonen, was darauf hindeutet, dass Patienten mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen unregelmäßigen Schlaf aufweisen. Allerdings waren die frühen Studien in mehreren Bereichen limitiert, wobei die zwei Hauptlimitationen einerseits in den kleinen Stichprobengrößen lagen, welche die Studienkraft einschränkten, und andererseits im kategorialen Ansatz zur Beurteilung von Persönlichkeitsstörungen, der die Gewinnung spezifischer Informationen über die Beziehungen zwischen Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Schlaf beeinträchtigte. Das vorliegende Kapitel fasst die Literatur über Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Schlaf aus der Perspektive von polysomnographischen vs. selbstberichteten Schlafbewertungen und traditionellen DSM-Kategorien vs. modernen dimensionalen Bewertungen maladaptiver Persönlichkeitsmerkmale zusammen. Assoziationen zwischen dimensionalen maladaptiven Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und Schlaf liefern spezifischere Informationen als DSM-Kategorien über die Verbindungen zwischen Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Schlaf. Neuere Studien verwenden größere Stichproben, die gelegentlich ambulante und longitudinale Methoden einschließen, da diese aussagekräftigere Antworten auf Forschungsfragen über gestörten Schlaf bei Persönlichkeitsstörungen liefern. Die Implementierung dieser Methoden sowie die Beurteilung spezifischerer maladaptiver Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und die steigende Zahl transparenter Forschungspraktiken, welche auf die Erhöhung der Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse abzielen, versprechen ein besseres Verständnis von Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Schlaf in der Zukunft.
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Oltmanns, J.R. (2024). Persönlichkeitsstörungen, maladaptive Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und Schlafprobleme: Ergebnisse und Ausblick. In: Križan, Z. (eds) Schlaf, Persönlichkeit und soziales Verhalten. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49766-7_13
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