Zusammenfassung
Die Forschung darüber, wie Schlaf das soziale Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz beeinflusst – insbesondere die Auswirkungen des Schlafes auf die Arbeitsleistung – nimmt zu, befindet sich jedoch noch in relativ frühen Stadien. Dieses Kapitel bietet einen Überblick über die bestehende Forschung zu Schlaf und Arbeitsleistung und schlägt Wege für weitere Untersuchungen vor. Wir konzentrieren uns speziell auf die Beziehung des Schlafes zu sozialen Aspekten der Leistung, einschließlich Führung, Kundenserviceleistung (emotionale Arbeit und Emotionsleistung), organisatorisches Bürgerverhalten und kontraproduktives Arbeitsverhalten. Dieses Kapitel ist in drei Abschnitte gegliedert: Zunächst definieren wir die Arbeitsleistung und geben einen Überblick über die Forschung zu den direkten Auswirkungen des Schlafes auf die Komponenten der Arbeitsleistung. Anschließend diskutieren wir potenzielle Vermittler und Moderatoren der Beziehung zwischen Schlaf und Arbeitsleistung. Abschließend heben wir Wissenslücken hervor, skizzieren zukünftige Forschungsrichtungen und geben methodische Vorschläge. Insgesamt sollten Organisationsverhaltensforscher, wenn möglich, multidisziplinäre Forschungsteams bilden, um den Wissensstand zu diesem Thema effektiv voranzutreiben sowie relevante Forschungen und Methoden aus anderen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen zu suchen und zu integrieren.
Dieses Kapitel wurde an der früheren Organisation des ersten Autors, der Northern Illinois University, verfasst.
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Notes
- 1.
Schlaf ist ein mehrdimensionales Konstrukt, daher müssen wir oft angeben, welche Art von Schlafmessung für die einzelnen Studien in unserer Übersicht verwendet wurde. Menge bezieht sich auf die Schlafmenge des Schlafes (normalerweise gemessen in Minuten oder Stunden), während die Qualität sich darauf bezieht, ob sich jemand nach einer Schlafperiode erholt fühlt. Schlafkonsistenz bezieht sich auf regelmäßige Bett- und Aufwachzeiten. Schlafqualität, -menge und -konsistenz sind allesamt potenzielle Vorläufer des Konzepts der Schläfrigkeit, das eine physiologische Grundlage in Bezug auf den Drang hat, einschlafen zu wollen. Für eine gründliche Überprüfung dieser Unterscheidungen im Zusammenhang mit Arbeitsverhalten siehe Mullins et al. (2014).
- 2.
Die Literatur der Organisationswissenschaft klassifiziert Emotionsleistung in der Regel nicht als eine Art von Aufgabenleistung. Emotionsleistung beinhaltet jedoch oft erforderliche Verhaltensweisen, die für den Job in Servicepositionen zentral sind (z. B. das Zeigen von positiven Emotionen gegenüber Kunden, auch wenn man sich nicht gut fühlt) und die durch formale Vergütungsmechanismen belohnt werden (z. B. außergewöhnliche Kundenservice-Boni), was mit der Definition von Aufgabenleistung übereinstimmt.
- 3.
In einer kürzlichen Studie fanden Holding et al. (2017) keinen Einfluss der selbstberichteten Schlafqualität, -menge oder des manipulierten Schlafentzugs auf die Genauigkeit der Emotionserkennung mit sowohl video- als auch audiobasierten Reizen. Diese Autoren vermuten, dass die fehlende Replikation auf die Verwendung statischer Reize und morphierter Bilder in früheren Studien (im Gegensatz zu multimodalen Reizen) oder auf Publikationsbias zurückzuführen sein könnte. Sie spekulieren jedoch auch, dass Schlaf die Erkennung der Emotionsintensität (im Gegensatz zur Identifizierung der gezeigten Emotion) beeinflussen könnte, was in ihrer Untersuchung nicht gemessen wurde.
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Rogers, A.P., Budnick, C.J., Barber, L.K. (2024). Schlaf und soziales Verhalten in Organisationen: Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsleistung. In: Križan, Z. (eds) Schlaf, Persönlichkeit und soziales Verhalten. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49766-7_10
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