Abstract
This section summarizes the story of 6000 years of human innovation and achievements in the critical life-enabling field of energy. It looks deep into the complex mosaic of energy, especially as it has developed, and provides an understanding of the intertwined framework that includes dimensions of science, technology, innovation, policy, economics, resource constraints and random geopolitical events. Over much of this period, science and technology have moved relatively slowly, allowing time for laws and policies to stay generally aligned with the changes that technological innovation was bringing. Until the middle of the twentieth century, science generally lagged technology, and innovation was often driven by market need and by people with hands-on experience in a field, and not from a fundamental understanding of the underlying scientific principles (which were often not known when the solutions were being devised). By 2000, this had substantially changed. Scientific knowledge now provided the underpinnings of discovery and innovation, and the ability to predict and model/simulate phenomenon and behavior that simply could not be done without this knowledge. Further, today, exponential technologies are allowing us to innovate faster and to reduce risk and time to market. This succinct summary provides a rearview mirror to how energy has impacted our society, economic growth, environment, climate, and our ability to enhance and accelerate innovations to overcome the contemporary challenges.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
U.S. Energy Information Administration – EIA – Independent Statistics and Analysis.
A timeline of history of electricity (electricityforum.com).
Two Centuries of Energy in America. In Four graphs : planet money. NPR.
IAEA Releases 2019 Data on Nuclear Power Plants Operating Experience. IAEA.
Further Reading
Atkinson, R. C., & Blanpied, W. A. (2008). Research universities: Core of the US science and technology system. Technology in Society, 30, 30–48.
Bakke, G. (2016). The grid – The fraying wires between Americans and our energy future. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
Bush, V. (1946). Science – the endless frontier: A report to the President by Vannevar Bush, Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, July 1945. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
Carney, M. (2015, September 29). Breaking the tragedy of the horizon – climate change and financial stability. Lloyd’s of London.
Chesbrough, H. W. (2006). Open innovation. HBS Press.
Cohn, J. A. (2017). The grid: Biography of an American technology. MIT Press.
Hamilton, J. D. (2010, December 22). Historical oil shocks. In R. E. Parker & R. Whaples (Eds.), Routledge handbook of major events in economic history (pp. 239–264). Routledge.
Olah, G. A., Goeppett, A., & Surya Prakash, G. K. (2005). Beyond oil & gas: The methanol economy. Wiley.
Sharma, S. (2014). Energy: India, China, America and rest of the world (Chapter 8).
Sivaram, V. (2018). Taming the sun: Innovations to harness solar energy and power the planet. MIT Press.
Smil, V. (2017). Energy and civilization: A history. MIT Press.
Yergin, D. (2011). The quest: Energy, security, and the remaking of the modern world. Penguin.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Divan, D., Sharma, S. (2024). Historical Perspective on Energy (4000 BCE–2000 CE). In: ENERGY 2040. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49417-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49417-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-49416-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-49417-8
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)