Skip to main content

Early Implementation of a Cognitive Assistant for Identifying Requirement Gaps

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
The Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER 2023)

Part of the book series: Conference on Systems Engineering Research Series ((CSERS))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 102 Accesses

Abstract

Requirements define the problem boundaries within which an engineering team tries to find acceptable solutions. Gaps in requirements formulation can lead to solutions that are not fit for purpose. However, the completeness of a set of requirements cannot be demonstrated; rather, completeness is an attempt, a best-effort pursuit. In current practice, where requirement gaps are frequent in system development, the human (engineer or team of engineers) becomes a major factor in the comprehensiveness of the resulting set of requirements. In this paper, we present an early implementation of a cognitive assistant that supports the (human) engineer in identifying gaps in the form of aSysML plugin for Magic Systems of Systems Architect.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. D.M. Buede, W.D. Miller (eds.), The Engineering Design of Systems: Models and Methods, 3rd edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2016)

    Google Scholar 

  2. INCOSE, Systems Engineering Handbook: A Guide for System Life Cycle Processes and Activities, version 4.0 edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2015)

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. Salado, R. Nilchiani, On the evolution of solution spaces triggered by emerging technologies. Procedia Comput. Sci. 44, 155–163 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Salado, H. Kannan, A mathematical model of verification strategies. Syst. Eng. 21, 583–608 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Kar, M. Bailey, Requirements management working group: Characteristics of good requirements. INCOSE Int. Symp. 6(1), 1225–1233 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. R.S. Carson, E. Aslaksen, R. Gonzales, Requirements completeness, in INCOSE International Symposium, (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. I.F. Hooks, K.A. Farry, Customer-Centered Products: Creating Successful Products Through Smart Requirements Management, vol 172 (American Management Association, New York, 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  8. K.E. Wiegers, Software Requirements (Microsoft Press, Redmond, 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  9. R.S. Carson, T. Shell, Requirements completeness: Absolute or relative? Syst. Eng. 4, 230–231 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. T. Shell, System function implementation and behavioral modeling: A systems theoretic approach. Syst. Eng. 4, 58–75 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R.S. Carson, Requirement completeness: A deterministic approach. INCOSE Int. Symp. 8, 738–746 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Salado, R. Nilchiani, Reducing excess requirements through orthogonal categorizations during problem formulation: Results of a factorial experiment. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst. 47(3), 405–415 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Salado, R. Tan, Structural rules for an intelligent advisor to identify requirements gaps using model-based requirements, in IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), (Toronto, Canada, 2020)

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Salado, From model-based requirements to a virtual systems engineering advisor that identifies gaps in requirements: An application to space systems, in ASCEND 2020, (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Gabb et al., 4.7.1 Requirements categorization. INCOSE Int. Symp. 11(1), 1075–1082 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. ECSS, Space Engineering – Technical Requirements Specification (European Cooperation for Space Standardization, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Robertson, J. Robertson, Mastering the Requirements Engineering Process. Getting Requirements Right (Addison-Wesley, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. Salado, R. Nilchiani, A categorization model of requirements based on Max-Neef’s model of human needs. Syst. Eng. 17(3), 348–360 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. S.H. Dam, D. Verma, Concept of operations and system operational architecture, in Applied Space Systems Engineering, (The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. Salado, R. Nilchiani, Contextual- and behavioral-centric stakeholder identification. Procedia Comput. Sci. 16, 908–917 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. B.W. Mar, Requirements for development of software requirements. INCOSE Int. Symp. 4(1), 34–39 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Salado, R. Nilchiani, Categorizing requirements to increase the size of the solution space: Moving away from NASA and ESA’s requirements categorization models, in 6th International Systems & Concurrent Engineering for Space Applications Conference, (Stuttgart, Germany, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  23. W.B. Rouse, AI as systems engineering augmented intelligence for systems engineers. Insight 23(1), 52–54 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A.V.I. Martin, D. Selva, Daphne: A virtual assistant for designing earth observation distributed spacecraft missions. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 13, 30–48 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S.S.D. León, D. Selva, D.W. Way, A cognitive assistant for entry, descent, and landing architecture analysis, in 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference, (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. Dutta et al., Virtual assistant for anomaly treatment in long duration exploration missions, in AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum, (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  27. A.V. Martin, D. Selva, Explanation approaches for the Daphne virtual assistant, in AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum, (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  28. A.V. Martin, D. Selva, From design assistants to design peers: Turning Daphne into an AI companion for mission designers, in AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Salado, A systems-theoretic articulation of stakeholder needs and system requirements. Syst. Eng. 24, 83–99 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. A.W. Wymore, Model-based systems engineering (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993)

    Google Scholar 

  31. A. Salado, R. Nilchiani, D. Verma, A contribution to the scientific foundations of systems engineering: Solution spaces and requirements. J. Syst. Sci. Syst. Eng. 26(5), 549–589 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Salado, P. Wach, Constructing true model-based requirements in SysML. System 7(2), 19 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A. Kossiakoff et al., Systems Engineering Principles and Practice, 2nd edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2011)

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This material is based on work sponsored by the Department of the Navy, Naval Engineering Education Consortium, award number N00174-19-1-0012. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Naval Engineering Education Consortium.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alejandro Salado .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Campagnari, N., Macholtz, C.A., Eng, N.C., Rodriguez, M., Salado, A. (2024). Early Implementation of a Cognitive Assistant for Identifying Requirement Gaps. In: Verma, D., Madni, A.M., Hoffenson, S., Xiao, L. (eds) The Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Systems Engineering Research. CSER 2023. Conference on Systems Engineering Research Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49179-5_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49179-5_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-49178-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-49179-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics