Abstract
Formal verification is a reliable approach to addressing safety concerns in autonomous applications. We have designed vGOAL based on the internal logic of the GOAL agent programming language, which serves as the formal specification language of our innovative formal approach to safe autonomous decision-making. A detailed description of vGOAL is necessary to present and justify our approach to safe autonomous decision-making, yet it is currently missing. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive description of vGOAL, including its formal syntax, its operational semantics, a real-world robotic application, and a comparison with several comparable agent programming languages, namely, GOAL, Gwendolen, and AgentSpeak (Jason).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bordini, R.H., Fisher, M., Pardavila, C., Wooldridge, M.: Model checking agentspeak. In: Proceedings of the Second International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 409–416 (2003)
Bordini, R.H., Hübner, J.F.: BDI agent programming in AgentSpeak using Jason. In: Toni, F., Torroni, P. (eds.) CLIMA 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3900, pp. 143–164. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11750734_9
Bordini, R.H., Hübner, J.F., Wooldridge, M.: Programming Multi-agent Systems in AgentSpeak Using Jason. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken (2007)
Cardoso, R.C., Ferrando, A.: A review of agent-based programming for multi-agent systems. Computers 10(2), 16 (2021)
Cardoso, R.C., Ferrando, A., Dennis, L.A., Fisher, M.: An interface for programming verifiable autonomous agents in ROS. In: Bassiliades, N., Chalkiadakis, G., de Jonge, D. (eds.) EUMAS/AT -2020. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 12520, pp. 191–205. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66412-1_13
Dehnert, C., Junges, S., Katoen, J.-P., Volk, M.: A storm is coming: a modern probabilistic model checker. In: Majumdar, R., Kunčak, V. (eds.) CAV 2017. LNCS, vol. 10427, pp. 592–600. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63390-9_31
Dennis, L.A.: Gwendolen semantics: 2017 (2017)
Dennis, L.A., Farwer, B.: Gwendolen: a BDI language for verifiable agents. In: Proceedings of the AISB 2008 Symposium on Logic and the Simulation of Interaction and Reasoning, Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour, pp. 16–23. Citeseer (2008)
Dennis, L.A., Fisher, M., Webster, M.P., Bordini, R.H.: Model checking agent programming languages. Autom. Softw. Eng. 19(1), 5–63 (2012)
Hindriks, K.V.: Programming rational agents in GOAL. In: El Fallah Seghrouchni, A., Dix, J., Dastani, M., Bordini, R.H. (eds.) Multi-Agent Programming, pp. 119–157. Springer, Boston, MA (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89299-3_4
Hindriks, K.V.: Programming cognitive agents in GOAL. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (2021)
Hindriks, K.V., Dix, J.: GOAL: a multi-agent programming language applied to an exploration game. In: Shehory, O., Sturm, A. (eds.) Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, pp. 235–258. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54432-3_12
Jensen, A.B., Hindriks, K.V., Villadsen, J.: On using theorem proving for cognitive agent-oriented programming. In: 13th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, pp. 446–453. Science and Technology Publishing (2021)
Jensen, A.B., Villadsen, J.: GOAL-DTU: development of distributed intelligence for the multi-agent programming contest. In: Ahlbrecht, T., Dix, J., Fiekas, N., Krausburg, T. (eds.) MAPC 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 12381, pp. 79–105. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59299-8_4
Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: PRISM: probabilistic symbolic model checker. In: Field, T., Harrison, P.G., Bradley, J., Harder, U. (eds.) TOOLS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2324, pp. 200–204. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46029-2_13
Stringer, P., Cardoso, R.C., Dixon, C., Dennis, L.A.: Implementing durative actions with failure detection in Gwendolen. In: Alechina, N., Baldoni, M., Logan, B. (eds.) EMAS 2021. LNCS, vol. 13190, pp. 332–351. Springer, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97457-2_19
Yang, Y.: Verifiably safe decision-making for autonomous systems. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 2973–2975 (2023)
Yang, Y.: vGOAL (2023). https://kuleuven-my.sharepoint.com/:f:/g/personal/yi_yang_kuleuven_be/EjUTI-DUvkdBlBKoNWxcVgIB8GMfhyAZHSA_i1b7ovskqw?e=k6FINj
Yang, Y., Holvoet, T.: Generating safe autonomous decision-making in ROS. In: Fourth Workshop on Formal Methods for Autonomous Systems, vol. 371, pp. 184–192. Open Publishing Association (9 2022)
Yang, Y., Holvoet, T.: Making model checking feasible for GOAL. In: 10th International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems (2022)
Acknowledgements
This research is partially funded by the Research Fund KU Leuven. We thank Jens Vankeirsbilck for providing Fig. 1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yang, Y., Holvoet, T. (2023). vGOAL: A GOAL-Based Specification Language for Safe Autonomous Decision-Making. In: Ciortea, A., Dastani, M., Luo, J. (eds) Engineering Multi-Agent Systems. EMAS 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 14378. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48539-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48539-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-48538-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-48539-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)