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The Saharides: Reassessing the Nature and History of the Pan-African Events in North Africa and the Arabian Shield

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The Geology of North Africa

Part of the book series: Regional Geology Reviews ((RGR))

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Abstract

Reassessment of the Neoproterozoic evolution of the North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula revealed the presence of a single orogenic belt, the Saharides, starting from the West African Craton in the west to the eastern margin of Arabian Shield in the east. This orogenic event created a large subduction-accretion complex during the Tonian-Cambrian interval as a consequence of convergence between the West African and the Congo cratons. The Saharides are represented by Precambrian inliers such as Ahaggar (or Hoggar) Mountains in Algeria, the Tibesti Massif in Chad, Jebel Uweinat in the intersection of Egypt-Libya-Sudan, the Arabian Shield in the Arabian Peninsula, the Nubian Shield in Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, and various massifs in Nigeria. Although the evolution of the region embracing the Saharides has been explained by multiple subduction zones and collisions of cratonic pieces involving reactivation of a ‘metacraton’, our analysis showed no continental collisions were involved until the very end of its history. The entire Sahara is shown to be underlain by a double orocline much like the Hercynian double orocline in western Europe and northwestern Africa.

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Acknowledgements

Nalan Lom acknowledges funding through Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vici grant 865.17.001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departement Aardwetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, Netherlands

    Nalan Lom

  2. İTÜ Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü, Ayazağa, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey

    A. M. Celâl Şengör

  3. İTÜ Maden Fakültesi, Jeoloji Bölümü, Ayazağa, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey

    A. M. Celâl Şengör, Cengiz Zabcı & Gürsel Sunal

  4. İTÜ, İstanbul, Turkey

    Tayfun Öner

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  3. Cengiz Zabcı
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  4. Gürsel Sunal
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  5. Tayfun Öner
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Correspondence to Nalan Lom .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Geology Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

    Zakaria Hamimi

  2. Earth Science, University Ferhat Abbas, Sétif1, Sétif, Algeria

    Moulley Charaf Chabou

  3. Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco

    Ezzoura Errami

  4. Geology Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Abdel-Rahman Fowler

  5. Geosciences Department Manager, National Oil Corporation, Tripoli, Libya

    Nuri Fello

  6. Faculty of Earth Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Amara Masrouhi

  7. Geosciences Environnement Cergy, CY Cergy Paris University, Neuville sur Oise, France

    Rémi Leprêtre

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Lom, N., Şengör, A.M.C., Zabcı, C., Sunal, G., Öner, T. (2024). The Saharides: Reassessing the Nature and History of the Pan-African Events in North Africa and the Arabian Shield. In: Hamimi, Z., et al. The Geology of North Africa. Regional Geology Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48299-1_9

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