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Testing Ballast Water Management Systems: Challenge Water Conditions During More Than 100 Test Voyages

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Global Maritime Transport and Ballast Water Management

Part of the book series: Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology ((INNA,volume 16))

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Abstract

Ballast water management systems (BWMS) are rigorously tested in land-based and shipboard settings, according to requirements outlined in the former G8 Guidelines of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Noting doubts that the water conditions to challenge BWMS as stated in G8 may not be challenging enough to represent all port water conditions worldwide, this guideline was revised at IMO in 2016 to make G8 better fit for purpose, and the instrument was made mandatory as BWMS Code in 2018. This contribution summarizes the intake water conditions we observed during >300 samples taken during >100 shipboard BWMS performance tests during 12 years. The data presented include the abiotic water conditions (i.e., temperature, salinity, TSS and POC) and the counts of viable organisms in the two size classes addressed by the Ballast Water Performance Standard (Regulation D-2) of the IMO Ballast Water Management Convention. Our data showed how close IMO challenge water requirements are to what was observed in nature. In addition, we compared our results with the test requirements of the US BWMS test protocol. Based on our results, further recommendations for BWMS Code improvements were included. These recommendations refer to the challenge water conditions in performance tests of BWMS, which were kept unchanged during the G8/BWMS Code revision(s). One of our recommendations is to increase the required concentration of zooplankton organisms in the challenge water during shipboard tests to better reflect the natural zooplankton concentrations.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Such an analysis was not performed for phytoplankton, as the sample volume was not fluctuating, but it was constantly 10 L.

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Acknowledgements

We express our grateful thanks to an endless number of helping hands at NIOZ, which were essential for processing the samples promptly. This refers especially to Marcel Veldhuis, Peter Paul Stehouwer (during their time at NIOZ) and Louis Peperzak (NIOZ). Their dedication made it possible to process the samples without delay, which was especially remarkable as some work was done during public holidays, including Christmas. Financial support was in part provided by the Interreg IVB-funded project Ballast Water Opportunity. For the support of the on board sample processing work, we also thank Dan Minchin, Sandra David, Jörg Heinrichs and Viola Liebich.

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  1. Gollasch Consulting (GoConsult), Hamburg, Germany

    Stephan Gollasch

  2. Dr. Matej David Consult, Korte, Izola, Slovenia

    Matej David

  3. Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

    Matej David

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  1. Dr. Matej David Consult, Izola, Slovenia

    Matej David

  2. Gollasch Consulting (GoConsult), Hamburg, Germany

    Stephan Gollasch

1 Electronic Supplementary Materials

Supplementary Table 1

Abiotic and biotic results of all sampling events also indicating the date, season and sampling event location. Empty cells in the table indicate that no data are available (DOCX 73 kb)

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Gollasch, S., David, M. (2024). Testing Ballast Water Management Systems: Challenge Water Conditions During More Than 100 Test Voyages. In: David, M., Gollasch, S. (eds) Global Maritime Transport and Ballast Water Management. Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48193-2_3

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