Skip to main content

Abstract

In this chapter, I develop my theoretical and analytical approach. I depart from a theoretically and also politically conservative starting point—the debate between Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt as two prominent modern theorists of sovereignty—to show that sovereignty can and should be approached in a much less conservative way. The framework operationalises the liquidity of sovereignty along two axes: a primary axis focused on scaling and a complementary axis focused on temporal positioning. While working with the scalar and temporal perspectives covers the processual part of sovereignty, we still need a sense of what types of social ‘components’ to focus on. To this end, I propose an analytical composite, which connects institutions, discourses and practices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aalberts, T. E. (2010). Playing the Game of Sovereign States: Charles Manning’s Constructivism Avant-la-Lettre. European Journal of International Relations, 16(2), 197–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdelnour, S., Hasselbladh, H., & Kallinikos, J. (2017). Agency and Institutions in Organization Studies. Organization Studies, 38(12), 1775–1792.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acharya, A. (2004). How Ideas Spread: Whose Norms Matter? Norm Localization and Institutional Change in Asian Regionalism. International Organization, 58(2), 239–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acharya, A. (2011). Norm Subsidiarity and Regional Orders: Sovereignty, Regionalism, and Rule-Making in the Third World. International Studies Quarterly, 55(1), 95–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acheraiou, A. (2011). Questioning Hybridity, Postcolonialism and Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J., Clemens, E., & Orloff, A. S. (2005). Introduction: Social Theory, Modernity, and the Three Waves of Historical Sociology. In J. Adams, E. Clemens, & A. S. Orloff (Eds.), Remaking Modernity: Politics, History, and Sociology (pp. 1–72). Duke University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Adler, E., & Pouliot, V. (2011). International Practices. International Theory, 3(1), 1–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agnew, J. (1994). The Territorial Trap: The Geographical Assumptions of International Relations Theory. Review of International Political Economy, 1(1), 53–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M. (2016). A Theory of World Politics. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Aminzade, R. (1992). Historical Sociology and Time. Sociological Methods & Research, 20(4), 456–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anand, D. (2012). China and India: Postcolonial Informal Empires in the Emerging Global Order. Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society, 24(1), 68–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anghie, A. (2007). Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayoob, M. (1995). The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict and the International System. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ayoob, M. (1999). From Regional System to Regional Society: Exploring Key Variables in the Construction of Regional Order. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 53(3), 247–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartelson, J. (2014). Sovereignty as Symbolic Form. Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bartelson, J., Hall, M., & Teorell, J. (Eds.). (2018). De-Centering State Making: Comparative and International Perspectives. Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bátora, J., & Hynek, N. (2014). Fringe Players and the Diplomatic Order: The ‘New’ Heteronomy. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Beaulac, S. (2004). The Power of Language in the Making of International Law: The Word Sovereignty in Bodin and Vattel and the Myth of Westphalia. Brill—Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Josef Hirsch, M., & Dixon, J. M. (2021). Conceptualizing and Assessing Norm Strength in International Relations. European Journal of International Relations, 27(2), 521–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benton, L. (2009). A Search for Sovereignty: Law and Geography in European Empires, 1400–1900. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Berenskötter, F. (2018). Deep Theorizing in International Relations. European Journal of International Relations, 24(4), 814–840.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhabha, H. (1984). Of Mimicry and Man: The Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse. October, 28, 125–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhabha, H. (1994). Location of Culture. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biolsi, T. (2005). Imagined Geographies: Sovereignty, Indigenous Space, and American Indian Struggle. American Ethnologist, 32(2), 239–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boli, J., & Thomas, G. M. (Eds.). (1999). Constructing World Culture: International Non-Governmental Organization Since 1875. Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, N. (1998). Global Cities, Glocal States: Global City Formation and State Territorial Restructuring in Contemporary Europe. Review of International Political Economy, 5(1), 1–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, N. (1999). Beyond State-Centrism?: Space, Territoriality, and Geographical Scale in Globalization Studies. Theory and Society, 28(1), 39–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, N., Jessop, B., Jones, M., & Macleod, G. (Eds.). (2003a). State/Space: A Reader. Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, N., Jessop, B., Jones, M., & Macleod, G. (2003b). Introduction: State Space in Question. In N. Brenner, B. Jessop, M. Jones, & G. Macleod (Eds.), State/Space: A Reader (pp. 1–26). Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruyneel, K. (2007). The Third Space of Sovereignty: The Postcolonial Politics of U.S.–Indigenous Relations. University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buhari-Gulmez, D. (2010). Stanford School on Sociological Institutionalism: A Global Cultural Approach. International Political Sociology, 4(3), 253–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bull, H. (1977). The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bull, H., & Watson, A. (Eds.). (1984). The Expansion of International Society. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burles, R. (2016). Exception and governmentality in the critique of sovereignty. Security Dialogue, 47(3), 239–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buzan, B. (2004). From International to World Society? English School Theory and the Social Structure of Globalisation. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Buzan, B., & Zhang, Y. (Eds.). (2014). Contesting International Society in East Asia. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey, E. S. (1997). The Fate of Place. University of California Press. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520276031/the-fate-of-place. Accessed 25 June 2018.

  • Casey, E. S. (2009). Getting Back into Place: Toward a Renewed Understanding of the Place-World. Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, D. (2006). Empire in Denial: The Politics of State-Building. Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee, P. (1993). The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee, P. (2012). The Black Hole of Empire: History of a Global Practice of Power. Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, I. (2009). How Hierarchical Can International Society Be? International Relations, 23(3), 464–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, I. (2011). Hegemony in International Society. Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, A. (2008). Logics of Hierarchy: The Organization of Empires, States, and Military Occupations. Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, M., Dunne, T., & Booth, K. (Eds.). (2002). Empires, Systems and States: Great Transformations in International Politics. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, B. (1999). Community Under Anarchy. Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Larrinaga, M., & Doucet, M. G. (2008). Sovereign Power and the Biopolitics of Human Security. Security Dialogue, 39(5), 517–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diez, T. (2004). Europe’s Others and the Return of Geopolitics. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 17(2), 319–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doty, R. L. (1993). Foreign Policy as Social Construction: A Post-Positivist Analysis of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy in the Philippines. International Studies Quarterly, 37(3), 297–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunne, T., & Reus-Smit, C. (Eds.). (2017). The Globalization of International Society. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyzenhaus, D. (2000). Legality and Legitimacy: Carl Schmitt, Hans Kelsen and Hermann Heller in Weimar. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edkins, J. (2003). Trauma and the Memory of Politics. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Edkins, J., Persram, N., & Pin-Fat, V. (Eds.). (1999). Sovereignty and Subjectivity. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elden, S. (2013). The Birth of Territory. University of Chicago Press. Accessed 25 June 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eskelinen, H., & Snickar, F. (Eds.). (1995). Competitive European Peripheries. Springer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabian, J. (1983). Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanon, F. (2001). The Wretched of the Earth. Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1977). Nietzsche, Genealogy, History. In D. F. Bouchard (Ed.), Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews by Michel Foucault (pp. 139–164). Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gong, G. W. (1984). The Standard of Civilization in International Society. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grovogui, S. N. (2002). Regimes of Sovereignty: International Morality and the African Condition. European Journal of International Relations, 8(3), 315–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, L. (2006). Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, J. M. (2002). What’s at Stake in ‘Bringing Historical Sociology Back into International Relations’? Transcending ‘Chronofetishism’ and ‘Tempo Centrism’ in International Relations. In S. Hobden & J. M. Hobson (Eds.), Historical Sociology of International Relations (pp. 3–41). Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holsti, K. J. (2000). Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648–1989. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holsti, K. J. (2004). Taming the Sovereigns: Institutional Change in International Politics. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hom, A. R. (2018a). Silent Order: The Temporal Turn in Critical International Relations. Millennium, 46(3), 303–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hom, A. R. (2018b). Timing Is Everything: Toward a Better Understanding of Time and International Politics. International Studies Quarterly, 62(1), 69–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hook, D. (2005). Genealogy, Discourse, ‘Effective History’: Foucault and the Work of Critique. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2(1), 3–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooker, W. (2009). Carl Schmitt’s International Thought: Order and Orientation. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2009). Liberal Internationalism 3.0: America and the Dilemmas of Liberal World Order. Perspectives on Politics, 7(1), 71–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2011). Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order. Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, P. T., & Nexon, D. H. (1999). Relations Before States: Substance, Process and the Study of World Politics. European Journal of International Relations, 5(3), 291–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, P. T., & Nexon, D. H. (2019). Reclaiming the Social: Relationalism in Anglophone International Studies. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 32(5), 582–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, R. (1993). Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessop, B. (1982). The Capitalist State. Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessop, B. (1990). State Theory: Putting the Capitalist State in Its Place. Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joenniemi, P. (2008). Re-Negotiating Europe’s Identity: The European Neighbourhood Policy as a Form of Differentiation. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 23(3), 83–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, D. C. (2004). The Theoretical Roots of Hierarchy in International Relations. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 58(3), 337–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karmazin, A. (2016). Rethinking the Individual through Chinese Ontology: Implications for International Relations Theory and Humanitarian Intervention. Politics, 36(4), 413–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katzenstein, P. J. (1987). Policy and Politics in West Germany: The Growth of a Semisovereign State. Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keene, E. (2002). Beyond the Anarchical Society: Grotius, Colonialism and Order in World Politics. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kelsen, H. (1960). Sovereignty and International Law. Georgetown Law Journal, 48(4), 627–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelsen, H. (1971). Pure Theory of Law. University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelsen, H. (2017). General Theory of State and Law. Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • King, M., & Thornhill, C. (2003). Niklas Luhmann’s Theory of Politics and Law. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kolmašová, Š, & Reboredo, R. (Eds.). (2023). Norm Diffusion Beyond the West: Agents and Sources of Leverage. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krasner, S. (Ed.). (2001). Problematic Sovereignty: Contested Rules and Political Possibilities. Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kratochwil, F. (1986). Of Systems, Boundaries, and Territoriality: An Inquiry into the Formation of the State System. World Politics, 39(1), 27–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kratochwil, F. (1993). The Embarrassment of Changes: Neo-Realism as the Science of Realpolitik Without Politics. Review of International Studies, 19(1), 63–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishna, S. (2008). Globalization and Postcolonialism: Hegemony and Resistance in the Twenty-First Century. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lake, D. A. (2009). Hierarchy in International Relations. Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, H. (1992). The Production of Space. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legg, S. (2011). Of Scales, Networks and Assemblages: The League of Nations Apparatus and the Scalar Sovereignty of the Government of India. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34(2), 234–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legg, S. (2014). Prostitution and the Ends of Empire: Scale, Governmentalities, and Interwar India. Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, M. (1986). The Sources of Social Power: History of Power from the Beginning to A.D. 1760 (Vol. 1). Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, M. (1993). The Sources of Social Power: The Rise of Classes and Nation States 1760–1914 (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, C. A. W. (1962). The Nature of International Society. London School of Economics and Political Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1984). The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life. The American Political Science Review, 78(3), 734–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1998). The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders. International Organization, 52(4), 943–969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marston, S. (2000). The Social Construction of Scale. Progress in Human Geography, 24(2), 219–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayall, J. (1990). Nationalism and International Society. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. W. (2000). Globalization: Sources and Effects on National States and Societies. International Sociology, 15(2), 233–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. W. (2010). World Society, Institutional Theories, and the Actor. Annual Review of Sociology, 36(1), 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. W., Boli, J., Thomas, G. M., & Ramirez, F. O. (1997). World Society and the Nation-State. American Journal of Sociology, 103(1), 144–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naseemullah, A., & Staniland, P. (2014). Indirect Rule and Varieties of Governance. Governance, 29(1), 13–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nexon, D. H. (2009). The Struggle for Power in Early Modern Europe: Religious Conflict, Dynastic Empires, and International Change. Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nexon, D. H., & Neumann, I. B. (2018). Hegemonic-Order Theory: A Field-Theoretic Account. European Journal of International Relations, 24(3), 662–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onuf, N. (1991). Sovereignty: Outline of a Conceptual History. Alternatives, 16(4), 425–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osuri, G. (2017). Imperialism, Colonialism and Sovereignty in the (Post)Colony: India and Kashmir. Third World Quarterly, 38(11), 2428–2443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owens, P. (2016). Economy of Force: Counterinsurgency and the Historical Rise of the Social. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavel, C. (2014). Divided Sovereignty: International Institutions and the Limits of State Authority. Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pemberton, J.-A. (2008). Sovereignty: Interpretations. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, J. (2002). The European Union: Pooled Sovereignty, Divided Accountability. Political Studies, 45(3), 559–578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, N., & Hardy, C. (2002). Discourse Analysis: Investigating Processes of Social Construction. Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Poggi, G. (2003). The Formation of the Modern State and the Institutionalization of Rule. In G. Delanty & E. F. Isin (Eds.), Handbook of Historical Sociology (pp. 250–260). Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Prozorov, S. (2009). Generic Universalism in World Politics: Beyond International Anarchy and the World State. International Theory, 1(2), 215–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prozorov, S. (2011). The Other as Past and Present: Beyond the Logic of ‘Temporal Othering’ in IR Theory. Review of International Studies, 37(3), 1273–1293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reus-Smit, C. (1999). The Moral Purpose of the State: Culture, Social Identity, and Institutional Rationality in International Relations. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reus-Smit, C. (2001). Human Rights and the Social Construction of Sovereignty. Review of International Studies, 27(4), 519–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reus-Smit, C. (2005). Liberal Hierarchy and the Licence to Use Force. Review of International Studies, 31(1), 71–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruggie, J. G. (1983). Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Toward a Neorealist Synthesis. World Politics, 35(2), 261–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruggie, J. G. (1993). Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations. International Organization, 47(1), 139–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rumelili, B. (2004). Constructing Identity and Relating to Difference: Understanding the EU’s Mode of Differentiation. Review of International Studies, 30(1), 27–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schachter, J., & Funk, A. (2012). Sovereignty, Indigeneity, Identities: Perspectives from Hawai’i. Social Identities, 18(4), 399–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, V. A. (2008). Discursive Institutionalism: The Explanatory Power of Ideas and Discourse. Annual Review of Political Science, 11(1), 303–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, C. (2005). Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty. University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, C. (2007). The Concept of the Political (Expanded). University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schouenborg, L. (2011). A New Institutionalism? The English School as International Sociological Theory. International Relations, 25(1), 26–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharman, J. C. (2013). International Hierarchies and Contemporary Imperial Governance: A Tale of Three Kingdoms. European Journal of International Relations, 19(2), 189–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard, E., & McMaster, R. B. (Eds.). (2004). Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society, and Method. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, J. D. (1961). The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations. World Politics, 14(1), 77–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, N. (1995). Remaking Scale: Competition and Cooperation in Prenational and Postnational Europe. In H. Eskelinen & F. Snickar (Eds.), Competitive European Peripheries (pp. 59–74). Springer Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Soja, E. W. (1989). Postmodern Geographies: Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory. Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen, G. (1999). Sovereignty: Change and Continuity in a Fundamental Institution. Political Studies, 47(3), 590–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen, G. (2004). The Transformation of the State: Beyond the Myth of Retreat. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Spandler, K. (2018). Regional Organizations in International Society: ASEAN, the EU and the Politics of Normative Arguing. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spivak, G. C. (2006). In Other Worlds (Vol. 45). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spruyt, H. (1994). Institutional Selection in International Relations: State Anarchy as Order. International Organization, 48(4), 527–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spruyt, H. (1996). The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steward, H. (1997). The Ontology of Mind: Events, Processes, and States. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suganami, H. (2001). C. A. W. Manning and the Study of International Relations. Review of International Studies, 27(1), 91–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suganami, H. (2007). Understanding Sovereignty Through Kelsen/Schmitt. Review of International Studies, 33(3), 511–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suganami, H., Carr, M., & Humphreys, A. (Eds.). (2017). The Anarchical Society at 40: Contemporary Challenges and Prospects. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swyngedouw, E. (1996). Reconstructing Citizenship, the Re-scaling of the State and the New Authoritarianism: Closing the Belgian Mines. Urban Studies, 33(8), 1499–1521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swyngedouw, E. (2004). Scaled Geographies: Nature, Place and the Politics of the Scale. In Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society, and Method (Vol. 2004, pp. 129–153). Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilly, C. (Ed.). (1975). The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilly, C. (1992). Coercion, Capital and European States, A.D. 990–1992. Cambridge: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinx, L. (2015). The Guardian of the Constitution: Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt on the Limits of Constitutional Law. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Vu, T. (2010). Studying the State through State Formation. World Politics, 62(1), 148–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, N. (Ed.). (2006). Sovereignty in Transition. Hart Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, R. B. J. (2009). After the Globe, Before the World. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, A. (1992). The Evolution of International Society: A Comparative Historical Analysis. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, A. (1998). The Practice Outruns the Theory. In B. S. Roberson (Ed.), International Society and the Development of International Relations Theory (pp. 145–155). Pinter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, A., & Friedheim, D. (1995). Hierarchy Under Anarchy: Informal Empire and the East German State. International Organization, 49(4), 689–721.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, A. N. (1979). Process and Reality. Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolkin, K., & Nevins, J. (2018). ‘No Sovereign Nation, No Reservation’: Producing the New Colonialism in Cayuga Count(r)y. Territory, Politics, Governance, 6(1), 42–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaum, D. (2006). The Authority of International Administrations in International Society. Review of International Studies, 32(3), 455–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaum, D. (2007). The Sovereignty Paradox: The Norms and Politics of International Statebuilding. Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, F. (2015). Chinese Hegemony: Grand Strategy and International Institutions in East Asian History. Stanford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann, L. (2016). Same Same or Different? Norm Diffusion Between Resistance, Compliance, and Localization in Post-conflict States. International Studies Perspectives, 17(1), 98–115.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aleš Karmazin .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Karmazin, A. (2023). Liquid Sovereignty: Theoretical and Analytical Approach. In: Liquid Sovereignty: Post-Colonial Statehood of China and India in the New International Order. Palgrave Studies in International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47905-2_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics