Abstract
The chapter describes the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) that will be used in this Atlas. For the first time, the latest two rounds (NFHS-4 and NFHS-5) have provided estimates for all Indian districts, with about 1000 households surveyed in each district. They provide numerous variables related to households, women, men, and births and cover major demographic, health, gender, and socioeconomic indicators.
The chapter also discusses the nature of spatial autocorrelation and Moran clusters used in this Atlas as tools for detecting spatial patterns. Moran’s I index measures autocorrelation strength, indicating clustering in health and gender outcomes. Cluster maps highlight regional patterns and potential factors for cluster locations. Spatial autocorrelation analysis assesses the variables’ quality and helps identify outliers.
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Notes
- 1.
More information on the surveys, the questionnaires, and the sampling design can be found in the report published by the IIPS (IIPS and ICF, 2022).
- 2.
See, however, the recent attempts at deriving district-level estimates of gender violence prevalence from state-level NFHS-4 figures (Srivastava et al., 2023).
- 3.
In July 2023, the director of IIPS was suspended reportedly due to the publication of unfavorable NFHS-5 results (see Frontline August 24, 2023).
- 4.
Since the Covid-19 epidemic and the controversy on its impact, disaggregated HMIS data are no longer available online.
- 5.
There is today only one website providing some state- and district-level data from NFHS-5, but without the corresponding district base map (Riddhi Management Services, 2022). For an updated listing of existing districts, see: https://igod.gov.in
- 6.
The sex ratios of several health and mortality indicators were found to be statistically unstable and, therefore, were not retained in the final version of the Atlas.
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Guilmoto, C.Z. (2023). Sources, Maps, and Spatial Analysis. In: Guilmoto, C.Z. (eds) Atlas of Gender and Health Inequalities in India. Demographic Transformation and Socio-Economic Development, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47847-5_1
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