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Fractal Dimension Analysis in Neurological Disorders: An Overview

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The Fractal Geometry of the Brain

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 36))

Abstract

Fractal analysis has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing irregular and complex patterns found in the nervous system. This characterization is typically applied by estimating the fractal dimension (FD), a scalar index that describes the topological complexity of the irregular components of the nervous system, both at the macroscopic and microscopic levels, that may be viewed as geometric fractals. Moreover, temporal properties of neurophysiological signals can also be interpreted as dynamic fractals. Given its sensitivity for detecting changes in brain morphology, FD has been explored as a clinically relevant marker of brain damage in several neuropsychiatric conditions as well as in normal and pathological cerebral aging. In this sense, evidence is accumulating for decreases in FD in Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and many other neurological disorders. In addition, it is becoming increasingly clear that fractal analysis in the field of clinical neurology opens the possibility of detecting structural alterations in the early stages of the disease, which highlights FD as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool in clinical practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

    Leticia Díaz Beltrán

  2. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Christopher R. Madan

  3. Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany

    Carsten Finke & Stephan Krohn

  4. Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Antonio Di Ieva

  5. Systems Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

    Francisco J. Esteban

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  1. Leticia Díaz Beltrán
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  2. Christopher R. Madan
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  3. Carsten Finke
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  4. Stephan Krohn
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  5. Antonio Di Ieva
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  6. Francisco J. Esteban
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Correspondence to Francisco J. Esteban .

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  1. Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab & Macquarie Neurosurgery Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Antonio Di Ieva

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Díaz Beltrán, L., Madan, C.R., Finke, C., Krohn, S., Di Ieva, A., Esteban, F.J. (2024). Fractal Dimension Analysis in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. In: Di Ieva, A. (eds) The Fractal Geometry of the Brain. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 36. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_16

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