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Final Discussions

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Historic Racial Exclusion and Subnational Socio-economic Outcomes in Colombia

Part of the book series: Latin American Political Economy ((LAPE))

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Abstract

This chapter presents the conclusions and a discussion on the debates developed in the book. In this regard, the chapter discusses the importance of a better understanding of how the effects of informal institutions are brought about, how the book engages in the analysis of racial exclusion in Latin America with new historical information and approximations, and how it becomes involved in the debate over subnational disparities in Latin America, especially Colombia. Finally, the chapter makes suggestions for further work.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See Van Bavel (2015), Voigt (2013), Galiani and Sened (2014), or Barton (2015) for similar discussions.

  2. 2.

    Usually, the mechanism is specified as a set of intervening variables or presents weak social and historical specifications. On this, see the analyses of Van Bavel (2015), Evans (2006), and Mahoney (2004).

  3. 3.

    As for Colombia, the same source shows that around three million Colombian citizens self-recognized as being of Afro-descendant origin in the census of 2018, representing 6.8% of the population. More important, for historical reasons such as the presence of extractive metal-mining or systems of plantations during the colonial and early republican times, some Latin American countries as well as regions of Colombia present percentages of concentration of people of African origin that reached between 70 and 80%.

  4. 4.

    Moreover, this level of poverty is the greatest compared with other countries such as Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, or Uruguay (CEPAL and others, 2020).

  5. 5.

    It is not possible to establish if Débora Cariuty was an Afro-descendant woman, but her position as a woman in Chocó in the first half of the twentieth century exposed her to the intersection of exclusion by gender and by territorial association to the Afro-descendant territory of Chocó.

  6. 6.

    For example, the judicial and private archives should be revised so that a more complete understanding of the actions of these doubly excluded persons can be formed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

    Irina España-Eljaiek

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  1. Irina España-Eljaiek
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España-Eljaiek, I. (2024). Final Discussions. In: Historic Racial Exclusion and Subnational Socio-economic Outcomes in Colombia. Latin American Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47494-1_5

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