Skip to main content

Refining Process Control

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Refining
  • 14 Accesses

Abstract

The most used forms for the operational control of the chemical pulp refining process are presented and commented in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lindstrƶm, T. ā€“ Fundamentals of papermaking. In: 9th Fundamental Research Symposium. PIRA. Cambridge, 1989 pg. 311.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  2. Annergren, G. ā€“ Fundamentals of pulp fiber quality and paper properties. In: Pulping Conference. TAPPI, Orlando. 1999 pgs: 29ā€“39

    Google ScholarĀ 

  3. Foelkel, C. E. B. and Dalmolin, I. ā€“ Improving eucalyptus pulp refining through the control of pulp consistency and stock pH: comparisons at given bulk and given tensile strength. In: Papermakers Conference, TAPPI, Atlanta: 01-04/03/1999 Volume 2 pgs: 751ā€“754

    Google ScholarĀ 

  4. Paavilainen, L. ā€“ European prospects for using nonwood fibers. Pulp and Paper International, 40 (6): 61 (1998).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  5. Demler, C. L. and Pitz, M. ā€“ Comparison of conventionally, ECF and TCF bleached hardwood pulp refining response. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 9 8 pgs.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  6. literature review. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi, 1997 Paper 1 pgs. 5ā€“43.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  7. Green, S. I. ā€“ Pulp fibre drag coefficient. Appita Journal, 59 (2): 120ā€“126 (2006).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  8. Fahey, H. ā€“ Testing and control. In: Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Volume 2, Mechanical Pulping. Third Edition, Chapter 21 R. A. Leask, Ed. Joint-Textbook Committee, Technical Section. CPPA/TAPPI. pgs. 252ā€“271.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  9. Pikulik, I. I.; McDonald, J. D.; Mentele, C. J. and Lange, D. V. ā€“ The refining, forming, and pressing on fine paper quality. Tappi Journal, 81 (6): 122ā€“130 (1998).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  10. Forgacs, O. L. ā€“ The Characterization of Mechanical Pulps. Pulp and Paper Magazine Canada, 64 (Convention Issue): 89ā€“115 (1963).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  11. Retulainen, E. ā€“ Fibre properties as control variables in papermaking? Part 1: fibre properties of key importance in the network. Paperi ja Puu, 78 (4): 187ā€“194 (1996).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  12. McKenzie, A. W. ā€“ Interpretation of pulp evaluation results. Appita Journal, 38 (4): 284ā€“290 (1985).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  13. Stevens, W. V. ā€“ Refining. In: Pulp and Paper Manufacture ā€“ Volume 6. Ed. Hagemeyer, R.W., Manson, D.W. and Kocurek, M.J. The Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry, Atlanta/Montreal, 1992: 187ā€“219 (1992).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  14. Clark, J. dā€™A. ā€“ Mill beating and Refining, In: Pulp Technology and Treatment of Paper. Miller Freeman, San Francisco, 1978 516 pgs.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  15. Seth, R. S. ā€“ Fiber quality factors in papermaking ā€“ II: the importance of fibre coarseness. In: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper and Wood Industries. Research Society Symposium, San Francisco, 1990 Volume 197 pgs. 143ā€“161.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  16. McKenzie, A. W. ā€“ The tear-tensile relationship in softwood pulps. Appita, 42 (3): 215 (1989).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  17. Silva Jr., F. G. da e Braga, E. P. ā€“ Potencialidade da seleĆ§Ć£o cde E. urophylla em funĆ§Ć£o da qualidade da madeira destinada Ć  produĆ§Ć£o de celulose. In: XXX Congresso anual de Celulose e Papel. ABTCP, SĆ£o Paulo, 1997 pg. 281ā€“292.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  18. Paavilainen, L. ā€“ Importance of coarseness and fiber length in papermaking. In: Process Engineering Handbook. Ed. Process Engineering Committee of the Engineering Division. Tappi Press, Atlanta, 1992, 2nd Edition Appendix: 98ā€“108.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  19. Ilvessalo-PfƤffli, M. ā€“S. ā€“ Fiber Atlas ā€“ Identification of Papermaking Fibres. Spring Series in Wood Science, Series Ed. Timell, T. E. Spring-Verlag, Berlin, 1995. 400 pgs.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  20. Sepke, P.W., Metzer, F.P. and Selder, H. ā€“ Refining of acacia. In: Scientific and Technical Advances in Refining & Mechanical Pulping ā€“ Course Notes. PIRA, Stockholm, 2003 Paper 7.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  21. Baker, C. F. ā€“ Refining review ā€“ changes in refining practice with new sources of fibre. World Pulp and Paper Technology: 95ā€“97, 99 (1992).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  22. Gharehkhani, S.; Sadeghinezhada, E.; Kazi, S. N.; Yarmanda, H.; Badarudina, A.; Safaei, M. R. and Zubir, M. N. M. ā€“ Effect of pulp consistency during refining of pulp refining on fiber propertiesā€”A review. Carbohydrate Polymers Journal, 115: 785ā€“803 (2015).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  23. Waterhouse, J. F. and Riipa, T. ā€“ Hardwoods from softwoods? In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 12 24 pgs.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  24. Mohlin, U.-B e Miller, J. ā€“ Industrial refining ā€“ effects of refining conditions on fibre properties. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 4.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  25. MaaƟ, M-C.; Saleh, S.; Militz, H. and Volkert, C. A. ā€“ The structural origins of wood cell wall toughness. Advance Material, 32 6 pgs (2020).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  26. Hill, J. ā€“ On line testing of mechanical pulp provides data for process control. Pulp and Paper, 55 (7): 72ā€“75 (1981).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  27. Gao, Y.; Li, K. and Wang, Z. ā€“ The influence of pulp furnish components on the property of supercalendered paper. Pulp and Paper Canada, 108 (1): 44ā€“49 (2007).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  28. Hietanen, S. and Ebeling, K. ā€“ A new hypothesis for the mechanics of refining. Paperi ja Puu, 72 (2): 172ā€“179 (1990).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  29. Lindstrƶm, T. ā€“ Chemical factors affecting the behavior of fibres during papermaking. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 7 (4): 181ā€“192 (1992).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  30. Joris, G. ā€“ Optimized fillings for LC refiners. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 22 89 pgs.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  31. Laivins, G. and Scallan, T. ā€“ Acidic versus alkaline beating of pulp. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 26 (6): 228ā€“233 (2000).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  32. Lumiainen, J. ā€“ Comparison of the mode of operation between conical and disc refiners. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi, 1997 Paper 14 pgs. 227ā€“236.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  33. Campos, E. da S. ā€“ A influĆŖncia do perfil transversal de umidade da folha na estabilidade dimensional do papel. In: XXVIII Congresso Anual de Celulose e Papel. ABTCP, SĆ£o Paulo, 1995 pgs. 667ā€“675.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  34. Bentley, R. G.; Hamilton, R. K. and Jack, J. S. ā€“ An optical method for monitoring pulp refining. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 23 (10): 504ā€“509 (1997).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  35. Thode, E. F. and Ingmanson, W. L. ā€“ Factor contributing to the strength of a sheet paper. Tappi, 42 (1): 74ā€“83 (1959).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  36. Baker, C. ā€“ Introduction to control in the refining process. In: African Pulp and Paper Week. TAPPSA (2002) http://www.tappsa.co.za/archive2/APPW_2002/Title/Introduction_to_control_in_the_refining_process.html

  37. El-Sharkawy, K.; Haavisto, S.; Koskenhely, K. and Paulapuro, H. ā€“ Effect of fiber flocculation and filling design on refiner loadability and refining characteristics. BioResources, 3 (2):403ā€“424 (2008).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  38. Joris, G. ā€“ Optimization of industrial refining unit through Fibrologic 4.0. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi, 1997 Paper 17 pgs. 267ā€“303.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  39. Stevens, W. V. ā€“ Principles of stock preparation and refining ā€“ refiners and refiner systems. In: Pulping Conference. TAPPI, Orlando, 1999, pgs. 97ā€“102.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  40. Albert, K. ā€“ Improved refining performance and lower operating cost through new technology. In: Scientific and Technical Advances in Refining & Mechanical Pulping ā€“ Course Notes. PIRA: Stockholm, 2003 Paper 4.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  41. Strƶmberg, B. ā€“ Hardwood yield increases with Lo-solidsĀ® cooking and Lo-levelĀ® feed system at Papelera Guipuzcoana de ZicuƱaga, Spain. In: Pulping Conference, TAPPI, Quebec, 1998 7 pgs https://www.eucalyptus.com.br/artigos/2002_LoSolids+Pulping.pdf

  42. Arroyo, L. M. ā€“ OptimizaciĆ³n energĆ©tica de una fĆ”brica de papel de nueva planta. El Papel (46): 35ā€“39 (1995).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  43. Burke, T. M.; SkĆ„lĆ©n, B. and Talley, M. ā€“ Mill experience in refiner control through on-line measurement of stock drainage. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 20 10 pgs.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  44. El-Sharkawy, K.; Koskenhely, K. and Paulapuro, H. ā€“ Tailoring softwood kraft pulp properties by fractionation and refining. Tappi Journal, 7 (11): 15ā€“22 (2008).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  45. Martinez, P.C. and Park, S. W. ā€“ AƧƵes das forƧas em processo de refino em baixa consistĆŖncia. In: 40th Congresso Anual. ABTCP: SĆ£o Paulo, 2007 12 pgs.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  46. Page, D. H. and De Grace, J. H. ā€“ Delamination of fiber walls by beating and refining. Tappi Journal, 50 (10): 489ā€“493 (1967).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  47. Lumiainen, J. ā€“ New theory can improve practice. Pulp and Paper International, 32 (8): 46ā€“47, 54 (1990).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  48. Baker, C. F. ā€“ Optimization of paper mill refining systems. In: 3rd International Refining Conference. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 13.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  49. Rihs, J. ā€“ Low consistency refining ā€“ theory vs practice. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 10 15 pgs.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  50. Baker, C. F. ā€“ Various options for the control of refining process. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi: 18-20/03/1997 Paper 16 pgs. 249ā€“264.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  51. Mayade, T. L. ā€“ Statistical theory of chemical pulp refining: an innovative combined approach. Appita Journal, 50 (3): 237ā€“244 (1997).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  52. Baker, C. F. ā€“ Optimisation of refining in fine and speciality paper mill systems. In: Papermakers Conference. TAPPI, Philadelphia: 24-27/03/1996 pgs. 215ā€“224.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  53. Pycraft, C. ā€“ The optimization of energy consumption and strength during refining. Paper Southern Africa, 6: 6ā€“8, 10, 14 (1986).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  54. Sha, J.; Nikbakht, A.; Wang, C.; Zhang, H. and Olson, J. ā€“ The effect of consistency and freeness on the yield stress of chemical pulp fibre suspensions. BioResources, 10(3), 4287ā€“4299 (2015).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  55. Waterhouse, J. F. ā€“ Characterizing pulps for paper-machine runnability. In: Engineering/Process and Product Quality Conference & Trade Fair. TAPPI, Anaheim, 1999 Volume 3 pgs. 1195ā€“1204.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  56. Reed, R. W. ā€“ The colloidal and physical phenomena relating to freeness and stock drainage. Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, New York, 1942.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  57. Lumiainen, J. ā€“ Post-refining of mechanical pulps. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi, 1997 Paper 8 pgs. 127ā€“137.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  58. Sampson, W. W. and Kropholler, H. W. ā€“ Batch-drainage curves for pulp characterization. Part 1: experimental. Tappi Journal, 78 (12): 145ā€“151 (1995).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  59. Gruber, E ā€“ Analytical characterization on pulps. In: Handbook of Pulp. Volume 2, Section IV Ed, Sixta, H. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2006 pgs. 1211ā€“1290.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  60. Joris, G. and Roux, J-C. ā€“ The dynamic freeness tester. In: Scientific and Technical Advances in Refining & Mechanical Pulping ā€“ Course Notes. PIRA: Stockholm, 2003 Paper 6.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  61. Venkatesh, V. and Edwards, L. L. ā€“ Prediction of mechanical pulp handsheet and drainage properties for mill control and design. Svensk Papperstiding, 4 (13): 422ā€“430 (1977).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  62. Formento, J. C.; Maximino, M. G., Adelli, A. M. and Taleb, M. C. ā€“ Selective refining actions on repulped long-fiber kraft paper. Tappi Journal, 2 (9): 1ā€“9 (2003).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  63. Tonoli, G. H. D.; Teixeira, E. M.; CorrĆŖa, A. C.; Marconcini, J. M.; Caixeta, L. A.; Silva, M. A. P. da e Mattoso, L. H. C. ā€“ Cellulose micro/nanofibres from eucalyptus kraft pulp: Preparation and properties. Carbohydrate Polymers, 89 (1): 80ā€“88 (2012).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  64. Olejnik, K. ā€“ The effect of specific refining intensity on paper breaking length. Paper Technology, 52 (2): 8ā€“11 (2011).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  65. Cowan, W. F. ā€“ Wet pulp characterization by means of specific surface and compressibility. Pulp and Paper Magazine Canada, 71 (9): 63ā€“66 (1970).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  66. Yasumura, P. K.; Dā€™Almeida, M. L. O. and Park, S. W. ā€“ Multivariate statistical evaluation of physical properties of pulps refinied in a PFI mil. O PapeL, 73 (3): 59ā€“65 (2012)

    Google ScholarĀ 

  67. Tousignant, D. and Madgett, H. H. ā€“ Results of drainage measurements and related controls on a newsprint Forurdninier. Pulp and Paper Canada, 64 (10): 427 (1963).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  68. Mantar, E.; Co, A. and Genco, J. M. ā€“ Drainage characteristics of pulp slurries under dynamic conditions. Jornal of Pulp and Paper Sciency, 21 (2): 44ā€“50 (1995).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  69. Britt, K. W. and Unbehend, J. E. ā€“ New methods for monitoring retention. Tappi Journal, 59 (2): 67ā€“70 (1976).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  70. Sayegh, N. N. and Gonzalez, T. O. ā€“ Compressibility of fibre mats during drainage. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 21 (7): 255ā€“261 (1995).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  71. Sepke, P.-W. ā€“ The effect of pulp fiber properties on the tearing work of the paper. Tappi Journal, 79 (4):211ā€“216 (1996).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  72. Sutton, P. ā€“ Pulp refiner trial trips. Tappi Journal, 82 (9): 67 (1999).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  73. Preddy, B ā€“ Current advances in papermaking. World Pulp and Paper Technology, 1998 (9): 113 (1998).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  74. Kerekes, R. J. and Senger, J. J. ā€“ Characterizing refining action in low-consistency refiners by forces on fibres. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 32 (1): 1ā€“8 (2006).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  75. Liu, H.; Dong, J.; Qi, K.; Guo, X.; Yan, Y, Qiao, L.; Duan, C. and Zhao, Z. ā€“ The effect of pulp properties on the consumption in low consistency refining. Journal of Korean Wood Science and Technology, 48 (6): 869ā€“877 (2020)

    Google ScholarĀ 

  76. Anderson, J. E. ā€“ Evaluation of the lasentec laser microscope for monitoring refining. In: Papermakers Conference. TAPPI, Philadelphia, 1996 pgs. 225ā€“235.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  77. Alexandre, G.; Gomes, G. A.; Rodrigues, S.; Ferreira, L.; Nascimento, W. and Alexandre, L. A. C. ā€“ InfluĆŖncia da temperatura de alimentaĆ§Ć£o da massa na refinaĆ§Ć£o de fibras curtas nĆ£o branqueadas de eucalipto. In: 48th ABTCP International Pulp and Paper Congress & 1st Ibero-American Conference on the Bio-Economy ā€“ BEM. SĆ£o Paulo. 2015 9 pgs.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  78. Ellery, M. ā€“ Selection of refiner control scheme requires total stock system review. In: Process Control for Pulp and Paper Mills. Ed. Smith, K. Miller Freeman Publications, San Francisco, 1983 Chapter 21 pgs. 89ā€“93.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  79. Crook, J. ā€“ The practical refiner. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi, 1997 Paper 11 pgs. 185ā€“189.

    Google ScholarĀ 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

Ā© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Manfredi, V. (2024). Refining Process Control. In: Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Refining. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47285-5_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics