Abstract
This book focuses on the history of legal thought. Some sections also take a chronological approach to the life of Dorado Montero—however, it is not my objective to present a biography, which has already been the subject of outstanding scholarship elsewhere. Instead, I will explore his legal philosophical ideas in relation to each other, in order to present an historical description of his work.
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Notes
- 1.
Blanco Rodríguez (1984), pp. 235–242; Blanco Rodríguez (1994), pp. 141–168; Blanco Rodríguez (1979); Blanco Rodríguez (1982); Lima Torrado (2008a), pp. 417–443; Lima Torrado (2008b), pp. 537–550; Lima Torrado (1977); López-Rey (1956), pp. 605–612; Ramos Pascua (1995), pp. 503–546; Rivacoba y Rivacoba (1970), pp. 15–28; Rivacoba y Rivacoba (1971), pp. 1631–1643; Rivacoba y Rivacoba (1962); Rivacoba y Rivacoba (1963); Rodríguez Hernández (1993); Valls (1971).
- 2.
The most recent and complete work on the reception of positivism within Europe and Latin America can be found in Masferrer (2020a), Issue 17.
- 3.
In the English-speaking world the term preferred for this is “criminal lawyer”. A so-called penalist is a term which is rarely used in Anglo-American literature. Unsurprisingly, whether continental Europe or not, nordic languages tend to match this preference for this expression (criminal lawyer -English-; Straftverteidiger/Anwalt für Strafsachen -German-; Straftrecht advocaat -Dutch-; or kriminell försvarsadvokat -Swedish-). However, it is far more common in the jurisdictions having a romance language (penalista -Spanish-; pénaliste -French-; penalista -Italian-; penalist -Romanian-). Once clarified this issue, I will stick to the term ‘penalist’ since it better depicts the real meaning that the word holds according to the nationality of Pedro Dorado Montero.
- 4.
- 5.
Set of ideas, generally revolving around legal techniques, addressing how the penalty should be applied. Usually, they are concerned with the iter criminis and its related issues: harder penalties or softer penalties, imposing the punishment on its upper or lower half, having accessory penalties or not, application of mitigating/aggravating circumstances, etc.
- 6.
The rationale behind this theory of the penalty, i.e. the legal philosophy supporting a given criminal current (positivism, neoclassical theories, eclectical positions, etc.).
- 7.
The eclectical positions are a group of theories claiming for a middle term between the extremes of the neoclassical schools and positivist schools, as they advocated for a moderate response to criminality. Certain aspects of positivism were good, and the reality and pragmatic character of neoclassical schools should also be considered. In Italy, this trend was named after Terza Scuola and its most relevant representatives were Emanuele Carnevale, Bernardino Alimena, Michelangelo Vaccaro, Gabriel Tarde, Ferdinando Puglia, and Giovanni Battista Impallomeni. In Spain, the movement was known as Eclecticismo and it was mainly led by the influence of French Doctrinarism, Some of the latter were Constancio Bernaldo de Quirós, Francisco Pacheco, and Alejandro Groizard.
- 8.
Through the current book, I am using the term “positivism” to refer to the new movement in criminal law which appeared at the end of the nineteenth century, thus, challenging the traditional criminal law (neoclassical schools), and mostly denying human freedom. As a result, people should be convicted not due to their actions but to their propension to commit a crime. It came very close in time to phrenology. It ought not to be confused with the generally accepted term in law accounting for “codification of criminal law”, i.e. positum (positive law).
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Franco-Chasán, J. (2023). Introduction. In: The Reception of Positivism in Spain. Studies in the History of Law and Justice, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46435-5_1
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