Abstract
Over the past years, many studies have shown that the generation aged between 18 and 25, or Gen-Z, has high pro-environmental awareness and behaviors. However, in the context of developing countries facing frequent grand challenges, little is known about how such events impact Gen-Z’s perception of the environment in general and ecotourism in specific. This research aims at tackling the latter, taking Lebanon as a case study and using a mixed-methods approach. Findings indicate high pro-environmental awareness in Lebanese Gen-Z that is not necessarily translated into pro-environmental behaviors. In addition, while Lebanese youth’s ecotourism awareness and practices have improved during the COVID-19 pandemic, this progress was hampered by the severe economic crisis that hit the country.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Banerjee, A. (2010). Tourism in protected areas: Worsening prospects for tigers? Economic and Political Weekly, 27–29.
Bertello, A., Bogers, M. L., & De Bernardi, P. (2022). Open innovation in the face of the COVID-19 grand challenge: Insights from the pan-European hackathon ‘EUvsVirus’. R&D Management, 52(2), 178–192.
Budac, A.-C. (2014). Strategic considerations on how brands should deal with generation Z. Revista Economică, 66(5).
Bulut, Z. A., Kökalan Çımrin, F., & Doğan, O. (2017). Gender, generation and sustainable consumption: Exploring the behaviour of consumers from Izmir, Turkey. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 41(6), 597–604.
Cherkaoui, S., Boukherouk, M., Lakhal, T., Aghzar, A., & El Youssfi, L. (2020). Conservation amid COVID-19 pandemic: Ecotourism collapse threatens communities and wildlife in Morocco. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 183, p. 01003). EDP Sciences.
Cini, F., Van der Merwe, P., & Saayman, M. (2015). Tourism students’ knowledge and tenets towards ecotourism. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 15(1), 74–91.
Codrington, G. (2012). Mind the gap: Own your past, know your generation, choose your future. Penguin Random House South Africa.
Daou, A., Joseph, J., Yousif, D. S., Fathallah, R., & Reyes, G. (2019). Intellectual capital and resilience in torn societies. Journal of Intellectual Capital.
Das, M., & Chatterjee, B. (2015). Ecotourism: A panacea or a predicament? Tourism Management Perspectives, 14, 3–16.
Diamantis, D. (1999). The concept of ecotourism: Evolution and trends. Current Issues in Tourism, 2(2–3), 93–122.
Donohoe, H. M., & Needham, R. D. (2006). Ecotourism: The evolving contemporary definition. Journal of Ecotourism, 5(3), 192–210.
Ei, T., & Karamanis, K. (2017). The evolution of alternative forms of tourism: A theoretical background. Business & Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 1–4.
Fernández-Bedoya, V. H., Meneses-La-Riva, M. E., & Suyo-Vega, J. A. (2021). Ecotourism in times of Covid-19: A systematic review from the five continents on how this activity is being carried out and what proposals they have for the near future. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 1–10.
Ferraro, F., Etzion, D., & Gehman, J. (2015). Tackling grand challenges pragmatically: Robust action revisited. Organization Studies, 36(3), 363–390.
George, G., Howard-Grenville, J., Joshi, A., & Tihanyi, L. (2016). Understanding and tackling societal grand challenges through management research. Academy of Management Journal, 59(6), 1880–1895.
Goh, E., & Okumus, F. (2020). Avoiding the hospitality workforce bubble: Strategies to attract and retain generation Z talent in the hospitality workforce. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100603.
Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20.
Hosseini, S. M., Paydar, M. M., Alizadeh, M., & Triki, C. (2021). Ecotourism supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A real case study. Applied Soft Computing, 113, 107919.
Howard-Grenville, J. (2021). Grand challenges, Covid-19 and the future of organizational scholarship. Journal of Management Studies, 58(1), 254.
Ibnou-Laaroussi, S., Rjoub, H., & Wong, W. K. (2020). Sustainability of green tourism among international tourists and its influence on the achievement of green environment: Evidence from North Cyprus. Sustainability, 12(14), 5698.
IDAL. (2022). Sectors in focus—Tourism. IDAL.COM. https://investinlebanon.gov.lb/en/sectors_in_focus/tourism
Jauregui, J., Watsjold, B., Welsh, L., Ilgen, J. S., & Robins, L. (2020). Generational ‘othering’: The myth of the millennial learner. Medical Education, 54(1), 60–65.
Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 239–260.
Meléndez Hernández, F., & Ladrón de Guevara Cortés, R. (2011). Analysis of the financial crisis inquiry report.
Mudzengi, B. K., Gandiwa, E., Muboko, N., & Mutanga, C. N. (2022). Innovative community ecotourism coping and recovery strategies to COVID-19 pandemic shocks: The case of Mahenye. Development Southern Africa, 39(1), 68–83.
ReliefWeb. (2021). A timeline of crisis in Lebanon. https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/timeline-crises-lebanon
Šaparnienė, D., Mejerė, O., Raišutienė, J., Juknevičienė, V., & Rupulevičienė, R. (2022). Expression of behavior and attitudes toward sustainable tourism in the youth population: A search for statistical types. Sustainability, 14(1), 473.
Sarraf, A. R. A. (2019). Generational groups in different countries. International Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 4(1), 41–52.
Scott, D. (2021). Sustainable tourism and the grand challenge of climate change. Sustainability, 13(4), 1966.
The International Ecotourism Society (TIES). (2015). https://ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism/
The KAP Survey Model. (2014). https://www.spring-nutrition.org/publications/tool-summaries/kap-survey-model-knowledge-attitudes-and-practices
World Bank Group. (2022, April 14). Lebanon's economic update—April 2022. World Bank. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lebanon/publication/economic-update-april-2022
Wu, J., Snell, G., & Samji, H. (2020). Climate anxiety in young people: A call to action. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(10), e435–e436.
Xu, L., Ao, C., Liu, B., & Cai, Z. (2022). Ecotourism and sustainable development: A scientometric review of global research trends. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1–27.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Maia Sievering from the Faculty of Health Sciences and the S. Olayan School of Business (OSB) Impact fund for their support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Daou, A., El Zeenni, L., Hourani, A., Talhouk, S.N. (2024). Ecotourism and Grand Challenges: A Gen-Z Perspective in the Context of Lebanon. In: Maingi, S.W., Gowreesunkar, V.G., Korstanje, M.E. (eds) Tourist Behaviour and the New Normal, Volume II. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45866-8_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45866-8_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-45865-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-45866-8
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)