Abstract
In this chapter, Edwin van de Haar argues that Smith’s international theory offers a unified view of politics and economics, based on Smith’s views on human nature. Smith's political economy covers many topics, such as the nation, war, the balance of power, military organisation, empire, and of course free trade. Contrary to alleged academic wisdon, he did not see a relation between free trade and peace.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Following the convention among Smith scholars these main works will be referred to as TMS and WN respectively, and references are made by part/section/chapter/paragraph/page to the Glasgow edition to Smith’s work, also published by Liberty Fund. Other works by Smith are cited by year of publication and page number(s).
Bibliography
Aspromourgos, Tony. 2013. Adam Smith on Labour and Capital. In The Oxford Handbook of Adam Smith, ed. C.J. Berry, M.P. Paganelli, and C. Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Berry, Christopher J. 2012. Adam Smith’s “Science of Human Nature.” History of Political Economy 44: 471–492.
———. 2013. Adam Smith and Early-Modern Thought. In The Oxford Handbook of Adam Smith, ed. C. Berry, M.P. Paganelli, and C. Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2019. Essays on Hume, Smith, and the Scottish Enlightenment. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Broadie, Alexander. 2003. The Human Mind and Its Powers. In The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment, ed. Alexander Broadie. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bull, Hedley. 1995. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics, 2nd ed. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan.
Dankert, Clyde Edward. 1974. Adam Smith. Man of Letters and Economist. Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press.
Erikson, Emily. 2021. Trade and Nation. How Companies and Politics Reshaped Economic Thought. New York: Columbia University Press.
Evensky, Jerry. 2005. Adam Smith’s Moral Philosophy. A Historical and Contemporary Perspective on Markets, Law, Ethics, and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Forman-Barzilai, Fonna. 2010. Adam Smith and the Circles of Sympathy. Cosmopolitanism and Moral Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Garrett, Aaron. 2003. Anthropology: The “Original” of Human Nature. In The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment, ed. Alexander Broadie. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gay, Peter. 1966. The Enlightenment: An Interpretation. The Rise of Modern Paganism. New York and London: W. W. Norton.
Griswold, Charles L. 1999. Adam Smith and the Virtues of Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haakonssen, Knud. 2006. Introduction. The Coherence of Smith’s Thought. In The Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith, ed. K. Haakonssen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hill, Lisa. 2016. Adam Smith and Political Theory. In Adam Smith. His Life, Thought, and Legacy, ed. R.P. Hanley. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Hont, Istvan. 2005. Jealousy of Trade. International Competition and the Nation-State in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Hume, David. 1987. Essays. Moral, Political, and Literary. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.
———. 1999. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Irwin, Douglas A. 2016. Adam Smith and Free Trade. In Adam Smith. His Life, Thought, and Legacy, ed. R.P. Hanley. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Kennedy, Gavin. 2010. Adam Smith: A Moral Philosopher and His Political Economy, 2nd ed. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Margerum Harlen, Christine. 1999. A Reappraisal of Classical Economic Nationalism and Economic Liberalism. International Studies Quarterly 43: 733–744.
McArthur, Neil. 2013. The Scottish Enlightenment. In The Oxford Handbook of the History of Political Philosophy, ed. G. Klosko, 296–318. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mizuta, Hiroshi. 2000. Adam Smith’s Library: A Catalogue. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Muller, Jerry Z. 1993. Adam Smith in His Time and Ours. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Muthu, Sankar. 2003. Enlightenment Against Empire. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
———. 2008. Adam Smith’s Critique of International Trading Companies: Theorizing “Globalization” in the Age of Enlightenment. Political Theory 36: 185–212.
Myint, Hla. 1977. Adam Smith’s Theory of International Trade in the Perspective of Economic Development. Economica 44: 231–248.
Paganelli, Maria Pia 2013. Commercial Relations: From Adam Smith to Field Experiments. In The Oxford Handbook of Adam Smith, ed. C.J. Berry, M.P. Paganelli, and C. Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Paganelli, Maria Pia, and Reinhard Schumacher. 2019. Do Not Take Peace for Granted: Adam Smith’s Warning on the Relations Between Commerce and War. Cambridge Journal of Economics 43: 785–797.
Pagden, Anthony. 2013. The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pitts, Jennifer. 2005. A Turn to Empire. The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Rapaczynski, A. 1987. Nature and Politics. Liberalism in the Philosophies of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press.
Raphael, D.D. 2007. The Impartial Spectator. Adam Smith’s Moral Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Raphael, D.D., and A.L. Macfie. 1982. Introduction. In Adam Smith. The Theory of Moral Sentiments, ed. D.D. Raphael and A.L. Macfie. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.
Robertson, John. 1985. The Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers.
———. 2015. The Enlightenment. A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Robertson, Ritchie. 2022. The Enlightenment. The Pursuit of Happiness 1680–1790. London: Penguin Books.
Sally, R. 1998. Classical Liberalism and International Economic Order. Studies in Theory and Intellectual History. London: Routledge.
Schliesser, E. 2017. Adam Smith. Systematic Philosopher and Public Thinker. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sen, Amartya. 2016. Adam Smith and Economic Development. In Adam Smith. His Life, Thought, and Legacy, ed. R.P. Hanley. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Skinner, Andrew S. 1979. A System of Social Science. Papers Relating to Adam Smith. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Smith, Adam. 1981. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.
———. 1982a. Lectures on Jurisprudence. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.
———. 1982b. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.
———. 1987. Correspondence of Adam Smith. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.
Smith, Craig. 2006. Adam Smith’s Political Philosophy. The Invisible Hand and Spontaneous Order. London and New York: Routledge.
Teichgraeber, Richard F. 1986. “Free Trade” and Moral Philosophy. Rethinking the Sources of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Van De Haar, E.R. 2009. Classical Liberalism and International Relations Theory. Hume, Smith, Mises, and Hayek. New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
———. 2010. The Liberal Divide over Trade, War, and Peace. International Relations 24: 132–154.
———. 2011. Hayekian Spontaneous Order and the International Balance of Power. The Independent Review 16: 101–118.
———. 2013a. Adam Smith on Empire and International Relations. In The Oxford Handbook of Adam Smith, ed. C.J. Berry, M.P. Paganelli, and C. Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2013b. David Hume and Adam Smith on International Ethics and Humanitarian Intervention. In Just and Unjust Military Intervention. European Thinkers from Vitoria to Mill, ed. S. Recchia and J.M. Welsh. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 2020. Free Trade Does Not Foster Peace. Economic Affairs 40: 281–286.
Walter, Andrew W. 1996. Adam Smith and the Liberal Tradition in International Relations. In Classical Theories of International Relations, ed. I. Clark and I.B. Neumann. Houndmills: Macmillan Press.
Williams, David. 2014. Adam Smith and Colonialism. Journal of International Political Theory 10: 283–301.
Winch, Donald. 1978. Adam Smith’s Politics. An Essay in Historiographic Revision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zuckert, M.P. 2002. Launching Liberalism. On Lockean Political Philosophy. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
van de Haar, E. (2024). Human Nature as the Foundation of Adam Smith’s International Theory. In: Bourcier, B., Jakonen, M. (eds) British Modern International Thought in the Making. International Political Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45713-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45713-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-45712-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-45713-5
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)