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Neurochemical Anatomy of the Mammalian Carotid Body

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Morphofunctional and Neurochemical Aspects of the Mammalian Carotid Body

Part of the book series: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology ((ADVSANAT,volume 237))

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Abstract

Carotid body (CB) glomus cells in most mammals, including humans, contain a broad diversity of classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and gaseous signaling molecules as well as their cognate receptors. Among them, acetylcholine, adenosine triphosphate and dopamine have been proposed to be the main excitatory transmitters in the mammalian CB, although subsequently dopamine has been considered an inhibitory neuromodulator in almost all mammalian species except the rabbit. In addition, co-existence of biogenic amines and neuropeptides has been reported in the glomus cells, thus suggesting that they store and release more than one transmitter in response to natural stimuli. Furthermore, certain metabolic and transmitter-degrading enzymes are involved in the chemotransduction and chemotransmission in various mammals. However, the presence of the corresponding biosynthetic enzyme for some transmitter candidates has not been confirmed, and neuroactive substances like serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid and adenosine, neuropeptides including opioids, substance P and endothelin, and gaseous molecules such as nitric oxide have been shown to modulate the chemosensory process through direct actions on glomus cells and/or by producing tonic effects on CB blood vessels. It is likely that the fine balance between excitatory and inhibitory transmitters and their complex interactions might play a more important than suggested role in CB plasticity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Nikolai E. Lazarov

  2. Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Dimitrinka Y. Atanasova

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  1. Nikolai E. Lazarov
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  2. Dimitrinka Y. Atanasova
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Correspondence to Nikolai E. Lazarov .

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Lazarov, N.E., Atanasova, D.Y. (2023). Neurochemical Anatomy of the Mammalian Carotid Body. In: Morphofunctional and Neurochemical Aspects of the Mammalian Carotid Body. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, vol 237. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_6

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