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Structure and Dynamics of Geographic Ranges

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The Macroecological Perspective

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Abstract

Species’ geographic ranges are the basic unit for many macroecological and biogeographical analyses. In this chapter, we start by discussing the ecological and evolutionary processes at the population level that allow the origin of range edges and spatial and temporal patterns of abundance within the species’ geographic ranges. More pragmatically, we discuss how geographic ranges can be defined starting from fundamental biodiversity data (occurrences) using several methods, including ecological and species distribution modeling (ENMs and SDMS). Once geographic ranges are defined and measured, it is possible to understand better their properties, such as the extent of occurrence, occupancy, and position. Moreover, it is possible to evaluate emerging interspecific patterns, such as range size frequency distribution (RSFDs) and Rapoport’s rule. Finally, following the definition of matrix M from Chap. 3, we can evaluate geographic range overlap in macroecological assemblages to provide a refreshing view of two patterns traditionally analyzed in ecology, the species abundance distribution (SAD) and the species-area relationship (SAR).

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  1. Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

    José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho

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Diniz-Filho, J.A.F. (2023). Structure and Dynamics of Geographic Ranges. In: The Macroecological Perspective. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44611-5_4

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