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Kultur, Ökosysteme und Verhalten

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Ethnopsychologie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Psychologie als Wissenschaft sucht Antworten auf grundlegende Fragen zum menschlichen Denken und Verhalten. Selbst in der universellen Perspektive der Disziplin besteht eine tiefgehende Debatte darüber, ob menschliches Verhalten und Denken durch die Natur (die genetische Veranlagung von Individuen) oder Erziehung (die Ökosysteme, in denen Individuen aufwachsen) verursacht werden. Was die Erziehung betrifft, so ist die Kultur das allgegenwärtigste Element in den Sozialisations- und Enkulturationsprozessen, die für die Erziehung jedes Menschen verantwortlich sind. Kultur spezifiziert die angemessene und erwartete Sprache, Verhaltensweisen, Bräuche, Gewohnheiten, Normen, Glaubenssätze, Werte und Kosmologien für jede soziale Gruppe. Die Einbeziehung der Kultur in psychologisches Denken, Theorie und Forschung erweitert und erneuert den Mainstream und macht ihn anwendbar auf verschiedene Einstellungen und Realitäten. Kulturelle Ansätze zur psychologischen Untersuchung bieten eine wichtige Korrektur zu ungetesteten Annahmen über die universelle Anwendbarkeit von Forschungsarbeiten, die mit kleinen Stichproben durchgeführt wurden, die nicht repräsentativ für die Vielfalt der Ökosysteme sind, in denen Menschen leben. Tatsächlich könnte man argumentieren, dass alle Forschungsansätze kulturelle Variablen berücksichtigen sollten, in dem Sinne, dass sie aus den lokalen Umständen, in denen sie stattfinden, und für die spezifischen Stichproben, die untersucht wurden, entstehen sollten. Dieses Kapitel analysiert die Beiträge der Anthropologie, der interkulturellen Psychologie, der indigenen Psychologien und insbesondere der mexikanischen Ethnopsychologie zur Schaffung einer integralen biopsychosoziokulturellen und ökosystemischen Psychologie.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Elemente der Völkerpsychologie: Grundlinien einer psychologischen Entwicklungsgeschichte der Menschheit, 1913, Leipzig, A. Kröner.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico

    Rolando Diaz-Loving

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Diaz-Loving, R. (2023). Kultur, Ökosysteme und Verhalten. In: Ethnopsychologie. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44569-9_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44569-9_1

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