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Universal Logic and Orbital Relativism

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Universal Logic, Ethics, and Truth

Part of the book series: Studies in Universal Logic ((SUL))

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Abstract

Taking into account issues in universal logic, this chapter argues that different orbits of logics produce contrasting and incompatible types of rationalities. As a practical consequence, it shows that the usual problem of relativism is indeed much worse than we had supposed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Peter Geach’s collection of articles in [8] contains examples of these varieties.

  2. 2.

    In particular, check it out [3] for one possible diversification of logical structures.

  3. 3.

    Timothy Williamson in [21] introduces and presents types of necessitism and contingentism that can be formulated inside the framework of classical first-order modal logic.

  4. 4.

    James Rachels in [15] and also Russ Shafer-Landau in [17] exhibit a detailed study on ethical and cultural relativism.

  5. 5.

    Ernst Tugendhat in [20] formulates and explains from many perspectives the problem of foundations of ethics.

  6. 6.

    Authors using the principle of non-contradiction as a main standard for ethical inquiries are wide: Moritz Schlick in [18], George Edward Moore in [13], Richard Hare in [10] and, more recently, Ernst Tugendhat in [20] and Russ Shafer-Landau in [17] take this principle as a pattern of reasoning in ethics.

  7. 7.

    There are issues concerning astrobiology and its logical and ethical implications: cf. [6] for a logical explanation of the structure of Fermi paradox and [4] for a research on extraterrestrial intelligence and their possible moralities.

References

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Jean-Yves Béziau for the invitation to collaborate with this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICC Ala Norte, Departamento de Filosofia, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília (DF), Brasil

    Alexandre Costa-Leite

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  1. Alexandre Costa-Leite
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Correspondence to Alexandre Costa-Leite .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. John Fisher University, Philosophy, Rochester, NY, USA

    Timothy J. Madigan

  2. Departement of Philosophy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Jean-Yves Béziau

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Costa-Leite, A. (2024). Universal Logic and Orbital Relativism. In: Madigan, T.J., Béziau, JY. (eds) Universal Logic, Ethics, and Truth. Studies in Universal Logic. Birkhäuser, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44461-6_6

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