Abstract
This chapter argues for greater use of community hubs in the supervision of people convicted of sexual offences. The chapter begins with and overview of the current state of probation, contemporary issues in the supervision of people convicted of sexual offences and desistance from sexual offending. The chapter then looks at community hubs, a collaborative and multi-agency approach to probation, exploring their application and associated research. Following this, the chapter draws together community hubs and the experiences of people convicted of sexual offences. In highlighting the potential benefits of community hubs for this specific group, the chapter suggests that the hub approach is well positioned to bridge gaps in probation practice through creating more visible desistance pathways. This work strongly supports that when addressing gender-based violence, it is vital to encourage sufficient provision for those with convictions, to both encourage desistance and prevent future harm and victimisation. Ultimately, the chapter aims to encourage further research on the use of community hubs for people convicted for sexual offences and advocates for their innovative and desistance-focused potential with this population
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anderson, A., & Sample, L. J. (2008). Public awareness and action resulting from sex offender community notification laws. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 19(4), 371–396.
Bachman, R., Kerrison, E., Paternoster, R., O’Connell, D., & Smith, L. (2015). Desistance for a long-term drug-involved sample of adult offenders: The importance of identity transformation. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 43(2), 164–186.
BBC. (2001). Timeline: The Sarah Payne tragedy. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1703534.stm
BBC. (2017). Sex offender treatment in prison led to more offending. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-40460637
Brown, S., Spencer, J., & Deakin, J. (2007). The reintegration of sex offenders: Barriers and opportunities for employment. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 46(1), 32–42.
Canton, R. (2013). The point of probation: On effectiveness, human rights and the virtues of obliquity. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 13(5), 577–593.
Cesaroni, C. (2001). Releasing sex offenders into the community through “circles of support” – A means of reintegrating the “worst of the worst”. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 34(2), 85–98.
Criminal Justice Alliance. (2021). Behind closed doors: How journalists can better shine a light on criminal justice. Criminal Justice Alliance. Available at: https://www.criminaljusticealliance.org/cja-resources/behind-closed-doors-how-journalists-can-better-shine-a-light-on-criminal-justice/
de Vries Robbe, M., Mann, R., Maruna, S., & Thornton, D. (2014). An exploration of protective factors supporting desistance from sexual offending. Sexual Abuse, 27(1), 16–33.
Dominey, J. (2018). The use of community hubs to deliver probation supervision. Available at: https://www.ccgsj.crim.cam.ac.uk/pdf/community-hubs
Ellis, E. (2017). Transforming rehabilitation: Probation practitioners negotiating change. PhD thesis, Cardiff University.
Farmer, M., Beech, A., & Ward, T. (2012). Assessing desistance in child molesters: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(5), 930–950.
Farmer, M., McAlinden, A.-M., & Maruna, S. (2015). Understanding desistance from sexual offending: A thematic review of research findings. Probation Journal, 62(4), 320–335.
Gardner, T. (2016). Community hub strategy. Working links [unpublished policy document].
Göbbels, S., Ward, T., & Willis, G. M. (2012). An integrative theory of desistance from sex offending. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 17(5), 453–462.
Grubin, D. (1998). Sex offending against children: Understanding the risks (Home office: Paper 99). Home Office.
Hackett, S., Masson, H., Balfe, M., & Phillips, J. (2015). Community reactions to young people who have sexually abused and their families: A shotgun blast, not a rifle shot. Children and Society, 29(4), 243–254.
Hanvey, S., Philpot, T., & Wilson, C. (2011). A community-based approach to the reduction of sexual reoffending: Circles of support and accountability. Jessica Kingsley.
Harper, C., & Hogue, T. (2017). Press coverage as a heuristic guide for social decision making about sexual offenders. Psychology Crime and Law, 23, 118–134.
Harris, D. (2014). Desistance from sexual offending: Findings from 21 life history narratives. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(9), 1554–1578.
Harris, D. (2017). Desistance from sexual offending: Narratives of retirement, regulation, and recovery. Palgrave McMillan.
Harris, D. (2021). Desistance from sexual offending. Current Psychiatry Reports, 23(2), 1–7.
Harrison, K., McCartan, K., & Manning, R. (2010). Paedophilia: Definitions and aetiology. In K. Harrison (Ed.), Managing high risk sex offenders in the community: Risk management, treatment and social responsibility (pp. 3–17). Cullompton.
HMIP. (2019a). An inspection of Durham Tees Valley CRC. Available at: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2019/03/Durham-Tees-Valley-CRC-report.pdf
HMIP. (2019b). Management and supervision of men convicted of sexual offences. A thematic inspection by HM Inspectorate of Probation and HM Inspectorate of Prisons January 2019. Available at: www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation
HMPPS. (2019). A Response to: A thematic inspection of work with men convicted of sexual offences. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/839624/Management___Supervision_of_Men_Convicted_of_Sexual_Offences_Action_Plan....pdf
Hood, R., Shute, S., Feilzer, M., & Wilcox, A. (2002). Sex Offenders emerging from long-term imprisonment: A study of their long-term reconviction rates and of Parole Board members’ judgements of their risks. British Journal of Criminology, 42(2), 371–394.
Hudson, B. (2003). Justice in the risk society: Challenging and re-affirming justice in late modernity. SAGE.
Ife, J. (2012). Human rights and social work towards rights based practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Kemshall, H. (2008). Understanding the community management of high risk offenders. Open University Press.
Kemshall, H., & McIvor, G. (2004). Sex offenders: Policy and legislative developments. In H. Kemshall & G. McIvor (Eds.), Managing sex offender risk (pp. 7–22). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
King, L., & Roberts, J. (2017). The complexity of public attitudes toward sex crimes. Victims and Offenders, 12, 71–89.
Kitzinger, J. (2008). The ‘paedophile-in-the-community’ protests: Press reporting and public responses. In G. Letherby, K. Williams, P. Birch, & M. Cain (Eds.), Sex as crime (pp. 356–375)? Cullompton.
Lainer, M. M. (2010). Epidemiological criminology (EpiCrim): Definition and application. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology, 2(1), 63–103.
Laws, D., & Ward, T. (2011). Desistance from sex offending: Alternatives to throwing away the keys. Guildford Press.
Levenson, J., & Hearn, A. (2007). Sex offender residence restrictions: Unintended consequences and community reentry. Justice Research and Policy, 9, 59–73.
Levenson, J., Brannon, Y., Fortney, T., & Baker, J. (2007). Public perceptions about sex offenders and community protection policies. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 7(1), 1–25.
Mann, N., Devendran, P., & Lundrigan, S. (2021). ‘You’re never really free’: Understanding the barriers to desistance for registered sexual offenders in the community. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 21(2), 206–223.
Martins, C., Godycki-Cwirko, M., Heleno, B., & Brodersen, J. (2018). Quaternary prevention: Reviewing the concept. The European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 106–111.
Maruna, S. (2001). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives. American Psychological Association.
McAlinden, A. (2006). Managing risk: From regulation to the reintegration of sexual offenders. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6(2), 197–218.
McAlinden, A.-M., Farmer, M., & Maruna, S. (2016). Desistance from sexual offending: Do the mainstream theories apply? Criminology and Criminal Justice, 17(3), 266–283.
McCartan, K. (2022). Refining processes in policy and practice in working with people accused or convicted of a sexual offence. HMIP, Academic Insights 2022/01. Available at: https://www.cep-probation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Academic-Insights-McCartan-Jan-22-final.pdf
McCartan, K., & Kemshall, H. (2021). Incorporating quaternary prevention: Understanding the full scope of public health practices in sexual abuse prevention. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 1–23.
McCartan, K., & Richards, K. (2021). The integration of people convicted of a sexual offence into the community and their (risk) management. Current Psychiatry Reports, 23(52), 1–8.
McCartan, K., Uzieblo, K., & Smid, W. J. (2021). Professionals’ understandings of and attitudes to the prevention of sexual abuse: An international exploratory study. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 65, 815–831.
McNeill, F. (2006). A desistance paradigm for offender management. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 6(1), 39–62.
Ministry of Justice. (2010a). Criminal statistics: England and Wales 2009. HMSO.
Ministry of Justice. (2010b). Multi-agency public protection arrangements annual report 2009/10. Ministry of Justice Statistics Bulletin.
Ministry of Justice. (2013a). Attitudes to sentencing and trust in justice, exploring trends from the crime survey for England and Wales. Ministry of Justice. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/623876/sotp-report-web-.pdf
Ministry of Justice. (2013b). Transforming rehabilitation: A strategy for reform. Ministry of Justice.
Ministry of Justice. (2017). Impact evaluation of the prison-based core sex offender treatment programme. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/623876/sotp-report-web-.pdf
Ministry of Justice. (2021). Offender management statistics quarterly: April to June 2021. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2021/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2021
Office for National Statistics. (2021) Sexual offences prevalence and trends, England and Wales: YEAR ending March 2020. Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/sexualoffencesprevalenceandtrendsenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2020
Payne, B. K., Tewkesbury, R., & Mustaine, E. E. (2010). Attitudes about rehabilitating sex offenders: Demographic, victimization, and community-level influences. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 580–588.
Phillips, Albertson, K., Collinson, B., & Fowler, A. (2020). Delivering desistance-focused probation in community hubs: Five key ingredients. Probation Journal, 67(3), 264–282.
Robbers, M. (2009). Life on the outside: Sex offenders and disintegrative shaming. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 53, 5–28.
Safer Living Foundation. (n.d.). The Corbett Centre. Available at: https://www.saferlivingfoundation.org/what-we-do/adult-projects/the-corbett-centre/
Sampson, R., & Laub, J. (1993). Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life. Harvard University Press.
Simpson, A. W. B. (2001). Human rights and the end of empire. Britain and the genesis of the European convention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Silverstone, R. (2002). Complicity and collusion in the mediation of everyday life. New Literary History, 33, 745–764.
Skardhammer, T., & Savolainen, J. (2014). Changes in criminal offending around the time of job entry: A study of employment and desistance. Criminology, 52(2), 263–291.
Soothill, K., & Walby, S. (1991). Sex crime in the news. Routledge.
Tesser, C. D. (2017). Why is quaternary prevention important in prevention? Revista de Saúde Pública, 51, 116.
Tewkesbury, R. (2012). Stigmatisation of sex offenders. Deviant Behaviour, 33, 606–623.
Tewkesbury, R., & Lees, M. (2006). Perceptions of sex offenders registration: Collateral consequences and community experiences. Sociological Spectrum, 26(3), 309–334.
Tewkesbury, R., & Lees, M. (2007). Perceptions of punishment: How registered sex offenders view registries. Crime and Delinquency, 53, 380–407.
Tewkesbury, R., & Zgoba, K. (2010). Perceptions and coping with punishment: How registered sex offenders respond to stress, internet restrictions and the collateral consequences of registration. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54, 537–551.
Thomas, T. (2005). Sex crime: Sex offending and society (2nd ed.). Willan.
Thomas, T. (2008). The sex offender register. A measure of public protection or a punishment in its own right? British Society of Criminology, 8, 85–96.
Thomas, T., & Thompson, D. (2012). Applications to come off the UK sex offender register: The position after F and Thompson v. Home Office 2010. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 51(3), 274–285.
Thompson, D. (2015). Moving on after getting out: support and accountability for convicted sex offenders. PhD thesis, University of Leeds. Available at: https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13410/1/Thompson_D_Law_PhD_2015.pdf
Uggen, C. (2005). Editorial comment. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21, 4–5.
Weaver, B., & Barry, M. (2014). Risky business? Supporting desistance from sexual offending. In K. McCartan (Ed.), Responding to sexual offending: Perceptions, risk management and public protection (pp. 153–169). Palgrave Macmillan.
Whitty, N. (2007). ‘Risk, Human Rights and the Management of a Serious Sex Offender’. Zeitschrift fur Rechttssoziologie, 28(2), 265–276.
Willis, G., & Johnstone, L. (2012). Planning helps: The impact of release planning on subsequent re-entry experiences of child molesters. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 18, 194–208.
Willis, G., Levenson, J., & Ward, T. (2010). Desistance and attitudes towards sex offenders: Facilitation or hindrance? Journal of Family Violence, 25(6), 545–556.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Oliver, C., Fowler, A., Pandey, M., Brown, P. (2023). Community Hubs: An Innovative and Desistance-Focused Approach to Probation for People Convicted of Sexual Offences. In: Pandey, M. (eds) International Perspectives on Gender-Based Violence. Advances in Preventing and Treating Violence and Aggression . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42867-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42867-8_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-42866-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-42867-8
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)