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The New Hypnotists

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The Uncanny Rise of Medical Hypnotism, 1888–1914

Part of the book series: Mental Health in Historical Perspective ((MHHP))

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Abstract

The four New Hypnotists were united by their visits to Ambrose Liébeault and Hippolyte Bernheim in Nancy and the Amsterdam hypnotic clinic of Frederik van Eeden and Albert van Renterghem between 1888 and 1889. They were so impressed by what they experienced that they publicly advocated for medical hypnotism and they all wrote textbooks on the subject. Charles Lloyd Tuckey and John Milne Bramwell were to be professionally involved with therapeutic hypnotism for the rest of their careers. They became members of the elite Society for Psychical Research and were highly influenced by its prominent thinkers Frederic Myers and Edmund Gurney. George Kingsbury’s and Robert Felkin’s lives took colourful and surprising turns outside of medicine. Kingsbury was elected as the mayor of Blackpool and then trained as a barrister, later specialising in faith-healing cases. Felkin became a prominent figure in the British occult world, leading a splinter group of the Hermetic Society of the Golden Dawn, before emigrating to New Zealand. However, both remained interested in the psychosomatic aspects of medicine throughout their professional careers.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Charles Lloyd Tuckey, ‘Faith Healing as a Medical Treatment’, Nineteenth Century, 21 (1888) (pp. 839–50).

  2. 2.

    ‘The Nineteenth Century’, in Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland, ed. by Laurel Brake and Marysa Denmore (Ghent: Academia Press, 2009).

  3. 3.

    Edward Gurney and Frederic Myers, ‘Mesmerism’, Nineteenth Century, 9 (October 1883) (pp. 695–719).

  4. 4.

    Charles Lloyd Tuckey, ‘Correspondence—Faith-Healing’, Standard (London, England) (3 December 1888) (p. 3).

  5. 5.

    Charles Lloyd Tuckey, Psycho-Therapeutics: Or Treatment by Sleep and Suggestion (London: Baillière, Tindall and Cox, 1889).

  6. 6.

    George Kingsbury, The Practice of Hypnotic Suggestion, Being and Elementary Handbook for the Use of the Medical Profession (Bristol: John Wright, 1891).

  7. 7.

    Robert Felkin, Hypnotism or Psycho-Therapeutics (Edinburgh: Y. J. Pentland, 1890).

  8. 8.

    John Milne Bramwell, Hypnotism: Its History, Practice and Theory, 3rd ed. (London: Rider, 1921) (p. 35).

  9. 9.

    Charles Lloyd Tuckey to van Eeden correspondence (24 October 1893). Van Eeden Collection (Amsterdam: Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam), Hs. XXIV C 81.

  10. 10.

    Anon, ‘Demonstration of Hypnotism as an Anæsthetic During the Performance of Dental and Surgical Operations’, Lancet, 135 (5 April 1890) (pp. 771–2); Anon, ‘Hypnotism as an Anæsthetic in Surgery’, British Medical Journal, 1528 (12 April 1890) (pp. 849–50).

  11. 11.

    Anon, ‘Obituary: Charles Lloyd Tuckey’, Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 22 (October 1925) (pp. 115–7).

  12. 12.

    CLT entry in Medical Graduate Schedules, 1862, University of Aberdeen Medical Schedule (MSU 62) [with kind permission of Aberdeen University, Special Collections Centre].

  13. 13.

    George Atkin, The British and Foreign Medical Homoeopathic Directory 1853 (London: Aylott, 1853) (p. 51).

  14. 14.

    Phillip Nicholls, Homeopathy and the Medical Profession (London: Crook Helm, 1988) (p. 134).

  15. 15.

    Brian Inglis, Fringe Medicine (London: Faber, 1964).

  16. 16.

    Walter Wardwell, ‘Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy in Medical Practice’, Social Science and Medicine, 6 (1972) (p. 63).

  17. 17.

    Samuel Hahnemann, The Homœopathic Medical Doctrine, or “Organon of the Healing Art”, trans. by Charles Devrient (Dublin: W.F. Wakeman, 1833).

  18. 18.

    Samuel Hahnemann, Organon of Medicine, 5th ed., trans. by Robert Dudgeon (London: Headland, 1849).

  19. 19.

    John Henry Clarke, Odium Medicum and Homoeopathy: “The Times” Correspondence, Reprinted by Permission of the Proprietors of “The Times” (London: Homoeopathic Publishing, 1888).

  20. 20.

    Anon, ‘Margaret Street Infirmary’, Medical Review, 31 (1887) (p. 309).

  21. 21.

    Anon, ‘Liberty of Opinion in the Art of Therapeutics’, Monthly Homoeopathic Review, 31 (March 1887) 168–9 (p. 168).

  22. 22.

    Giles Goldsbrough, ‘Members of the British Homoeopathic Society’, Journal of the British Homoeopathic Society, New Series, 13 (1904–5) (pp. vi–xxiv).

  23. 23.

    Felix Reiswitz, ‘Globulizing’ the Hospital Ward: Legitimizing Homoeopathic Medicine Through the Establishment of Hospitals in 19th-Century London and Madrid, Appendix E. (PhD thesis, University College London, 2012).

  24. 24.

    Alexander Cooke, A History of The Royal College of Physicians of London, vol. 3 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972) (pp. 904–8).

  25. 25.

    Anon, ‘The Margaret Street Infirmary for Consumption’, London Medical Press and Circular (9 March 1887) (p. 3).

  26. 26.

    Anon, ‘Robert Ellis Dudgeon, M.D.’, Monthly Homoeopathic Review, 48 (October 1904) (p. 577).

  27. 27.

    Anon, ‘Resignation of the Medical Staff from the Margaret Street Infirmary for Consumption’, British Medical Journal (5 March 1887) (p. 541).

  28. 28.

    Anon, ‘Resignation’.

  29. 29.

    Anon, ‘Millican v. Sulivan and Others’, Times (16 December 1887) (p. 3).

  30. 30.

    Thomas Gieryn, ‘Boundary-Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science: Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists’, American Sociological Review, 48, 6 (December 1983) 781–795 (p. 782).

  31. 31.

    An Odium theologicum was the name given to a rancorous theological debate, characterised by intense anger and hatred. George Earle Buckle, ‘Editorial: Odium Medicum’, Times (20 January 1888) (p. 9).

  32. 32.

    Buckle, ‘Odium Medicum’.

  33. 33.

    Mathias Roth, The Physiological Effects of Artificial Sleep with Some Notes on Treatment by Suggestion (London: Baillee, Tindall and Cox, 1887) (p. 2).

  34. 34.

    ‘My thanks are particularly due to Mathias Roth who was one of the first to appreciate the principles I have taught and who it was who induced his countryman Dr. Charles Lloyd Tuckey to investigate them.’ Ambrose Liébeault qtd. by Mathias Roth, ‘Correspondence: Presentation of a Testimonial to Dr. Liébeault of Nancy’, Monthly Homoeopathic Review, 9 (1891) 488–91 (p. 490).

  35. 35.

    ‘Bramwell, John Milne, M.B.’, p. 125 in Victor Plarr, Men and Women of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries (London: Routledge, 1899).

  36. 36.

    Frederick Kelly, Race Against Time: The Diaries of F.S. Kelly, ed. by Thérèse Radic (Canberra: National Library of Australia, 2004).

  37. 37.

    James Esdaile, Mesmerism in India and Its Practical Application in Surgery and Medicine (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1846).

  38. 38.

    John Milne Bramwell, ‘Hypnotism: An Outline Sketch’, The Clinical Journal, 20 (May 1902) 41–5 (p. 43).

  39. 39.

    Carl von Reichenbach was a brilliant German chemist who late in life (and influenced by Franz Mesmer) described a field of energy possessed by all living things which linked electricity, magnetism and heat, that he called the Odic force. John Milne Bramwell, Hypnotism: It’s History, Practice and Theory (London: Grant Richards, 1903) (p. 37).

  40. 40.

    James Braid, Neurypnology or the Rationale of Nervous Sleep (London: Churchill, 1843).

  41. 41.

    John Hughes Bennett, Mesmeric Mania of 1851 (Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox, 1851) (p. 5).

  42. 42.

    Gordon Bates, ‘Arthur Conan Doyle in Mesmeric Edinburgh and Hypnotic London’, Victoriographies, 11, 3 (2021) 314–330 (p. 318).

  43. 43.

    John Milne Bramwell, Hypnotism: Its History, Practice and Theory (London: Grant Richards, 1903) (p. 38).

  44. 44.

    Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Parasite’, The Parasite and The Watter’s Mou, ed. by Catherine Wynne (Kansas City: Valancourt Books, 2009) (pp. 3–47); Riccardo Stevens, The Cruciform Mark (London: Chatto and Windus, 1896).

  45. 45.

    ‘Bramwell, John Milne, M.B.’, p. 125 in Victor Plarr, Men and Women of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries (London: Routledge, 1899).

  46. 46.

    John Milne Bramwell, Hypnotism: Its History, Practice and Theory (London: Grant Richards, 1903) (p. 38).

  47. 47.

    George Robertson, ‘Psycho-Therapeutics: Another Fragment’, Lancet (17 September 1892) (pp. 657–8) (p. 657).

  48. 48.

    Anon, ‘George Kingsbury’, Blackpool Gazette (9 March 1938).

  49. 49.

    George Kingsbury, The Practice of Hypnotic Suggestion, Being and Elementary Handbook for the Use of the Medical Profession (Bristol: John Wright, 1891).

  50. 50.

    Anon, ‘Blackpool Golf Course Proposal’, Sheffield Daily Telegraph (23 February 1894).

  51. 51.

    George Kingsbury, ‘Hypnotism, Crime and the Doctors’, The Nineteenth Century, 29, 167 (January 1891) (pp. 145–153).

  52. 52.

    George Kingsbury, ‘Should We Give Hypnotism a Trial?’ Dublin Journal of Medical Science (May 1891) 396–406 (p. 396).

  53. 53.

    Anon, ‘Kingsbury v. Howard’, British Medical Journal, 2 (23 July 1898) (p. 253).

  54. 54.

    Anon, ‘Rossendale By-Election’, Times (12 February 1900) (p. 6).

  55. 55.

    Anon, ‘Obituary—George Kingsbury’, Blackpool Gazette and Herald (9 March 1938).

  56. 56.

    Anon, ‘A Christian Science Case’, Times (10 November 1906) (p. 8).

  57. 57.

    Anon, ‘The Christian Science Case’ British Medical Journal (2 June 1906) (p. 1321).

  58. 58.

    Various, The Lantern Volume I (A Wayfaring Man Part I) (New Zealand: Sub Rosa Press, 2012).

  59. 59.

    Anon, ‘Obituary: Robert William Felkin, M.D., F.R.S.Ed.’, BMJ, 1 (12 February 1927) (p. 309); Peter Dunn, ‘Robert Felkin MD (1853–1926) and Caesarean delivery in Central Africa (1879)’, Archives of Disease in Childhood—Fetal and Neonatal Edition (1999) 80, F250–F251.

  60. 60.

    Various, A Wayfaring Man Part I (p. 54).

  61. 61.

    Various, A Wayfaring Man Part I (pp. 57–8).

  62. 62.

    Various, A Wayfaring Man Part I (p. 75).

  63. 63.

    Robert Felkin, On the Geographical Distribution of Tropical Diseases in Africa (Edinburgh: Clay, 1895); Charles Wilson and Robert Felkin, Uganda and the Egyptian Soudan, vols. 1 and 2 (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, Rivington, 1882).

  64. 64.

    Anon, ‘Obituary: Robert William Felkin, M.D., F.R.S.Ed.’, British Medical Journal, 1 (1927) (p. 309).

  65. 65.

    Robert Felkin, ‘Notes on Labour in Central Africa’, Edinburgh Medical Journal (1884) 29 (pp. 922–930).

  66. 66.

    Robert Ellwood, Islands of the Dawn: The Story of Alternative Spirituality in New Zealand (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993) (p. 162).

  67. 67.

    Rudolf Heinehan, Hypnotism or Animal Magnetism: Physiological Observations, 2nd ed., trans. L. Wooldridge (London: Paul, Trench, 1888).

  68. 68.

    Wilhelm Hilger, Hypnosis and Suggestion: Their Nature, Action and Importance Among the Therapeutic Agents, trans. Robert Felkin (London: Rebman, 1912).

  69. 69.

    Various, The Lantern Volume 2 (A Wayfaring Man Part II) (New Zealand: Sub Rosa Press, 2012).

  70. 70.

    Robert Ellwood, Islands of the Dawn: The Story of Alternative Spirituality in New Zealand (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993).

  71. 71.

    Sonu Shamdasani, ‘“Psychotherapy”: The Invention of a Word’, History of the Human Sciences, 18 (2005) 1–22 (p. 4).

  72. 72.

    L. Forbes Winslow, Recollections of Forty Years (London: John Ouseley, 1910).

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    Gordon David Lyle Bates

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Bates, G.D.L. (2023). The New Hypnotists. In: The Uncanny Rise of Medical Hypnotism, 1888–1914. Mental Health in Historical Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42725-1_2

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