Abstract
Very little is documented on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD) agenda in low-resourced contexts such as Cameroon. However, teachers working in these difficult circumstances constitute a large portion of the English-language-teaching landscape. They often leave training institutions with basic awareness of ELT procedures because CPD programmes on offer are limited in scope and provide inadequate institutional support. Faced with myriad challenges, teachers struggle to adapt to ongoing policy innovations, conform to pedagogic innovations, and navigate emerging context-specific constraints—all without a guiding framework for implementation. This chapter seeks to find answers to questions related to: (1) the strategies EFL teachers in Cameroon undertake to develop resilience; (2) their self-perceived value of Cameroon English Language and Literature Teachers’ Association (CAMELTA) CPD activities; and (3) how they struggle to be self-equipped with locally responsive procedures. It analyzes feedback provided by teachers from WhatsApp presentations in CAMELTA WhatsApp chat groups between September 2020 to August 2021 through an open-ended questionnaire to explain how engagement in local CPD activities nourishes their skills in ELT procedures and how their identities are constructed through their commitment to CPD activities. Evidence points to the fact that Teacher Associations and reflective practice stand to fill the gap by helping teachers to appropriate their own CPD from a self-directed, bottom-up perspective. However, teachers are embracing the notion of communities of practice such as the CAMELTA Research Group.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alemnge, F. L. (2021). The new syllabi for Cameroon secondary education: A description of the organisation of salient elements. Open Access Library Journal, 8, e6994. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106994
Banegas, D. L., Bullock, B., Kiely, R., Kuchah, K., Padwad, A., Smith, R., & Wedell, M. (2022). Decentring ELT: Teacher associations as agents of change. ELT Journal, 76(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccab090
Borg, S. (2006). Teacher cognition and language education: Research and practice. London.
Borg, S. (Ed.). (2015). Professional development for English language teachers: Perspectives from higher education in Turkey. The British Council.
Breton, R., & Fohtung, B. (1991). Atlas administrative des langues nationale du Cameroon [Administrative atlas of the national languages of Cameroon]. CERDOTOLA, CREA-ACCT.
British Council. (2017). Continuing professional development (CPD) framework for teacher educators. British Council licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/Teacher%20Educator%20Framework%20FINAL%20WEBv1.pdf
Burns, A. (2005). Action research: An evolving paradigm? Language Teaching, 38(2), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444805002661
Caena, F. (2011). Literature review quality in teachers’ continuing professional development. European Commission, Directorate-General for Education and Culture.
Cirocki, A., & Farrell, T. S. C. (2017). Reflective practice for professional development of TESOL practitioners. The European Journal of Applied Linguistics and TEFL, 6(2) 5–23. http://www.reflectiveinquiry.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/RP-special.pdf
Cirocki, A., & Farrelly, R. (2016). Research and reflective practice in the EFL classroom: Voices from Armenia. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 31–56. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5f8e/0bb3f58330cee8b7c120682ef53484760540.pdf?_ga=2.227153949.1057801504.1664218531-726151149.1660388929
Cirocki, A., & Widodo, H. P. (2019). Reflective practice in English language teaching in Indonesia: Shared practices from two teacher educators. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 7(3) 15–35. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1230332.pdf
Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute.
Davidson, G., Dunlop, F., Sorlano, D. H., Kennedy, L., & Phillips, T. (2012). Going forward: Continuing professional development for English language teachers in the UK. The British Council.
Day, C. (1984). The role of a head of department in staff development. British Journal of in-Service Education, 10(2), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305763840100207
Day, C. (1999). Developing teachers: The challenges of lifelong learning. Falmer Press
Ekembe, E. E. (2021a). Revisiting attitudes towards English in Cameroon and the rush for EMI: Positioning education for all vision. Journal of English Learner Education, 12(1). https://stars.library.ucf.edu/jele/vol12/iss1/8/
Ekembe, E. E. (2021b). Supporting teacher agency and professional development (in ELTAS) in low-resourced contexts: reflections from CAMELTA. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 4(2), 66–79. http://fajournaluba.com/index.php/jah/article/view/48
Ekembe, E. E., & Fonjong, A. S. (2018). Teacher association research for professional development in Cameroon. ELT Research, 33, 28–31. http://resig.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/3/6/26368747/ekembe_and_fonjong_2018.pdf
Elsheikh, A., & Effiong, O. (2018). Teacher development through language teacher associations: Lessons from Africa. In A. Elsheikh, C. Coombe, & O. Effiong (Eds.), The role of language teacher associations in professional development (pp. 71–86). Springer.
Etomes S. E., & Molua, E. L. (2019). Strategies for enhancing the productivity of secondary school teachers in the South West Region of Cameroon. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(1), 109–119. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dcaf/4867ac781e35814b8f6e280f0dd6cdfd6271.pdf?_ga=2.9361397.155431810.1660388929-726151149.1660388929
Focho, G. N. (2018). Towards a project-based approach to teacher development in difficult circumstances: The case of two English language teachers’ professional development in Cameroon. In K. Kuchah & S. Fauzia (Eds.), International perspectives on teaching English in difficult circumstances (pp. 199–220). Palgrave.
Focho, G. N. (2020). The professional development needs of teacher educators at a Higher Teacher Training College in Cameroon. The British Council. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/Professional_development_needs_teacher_educators_HTTC_Cameroon.pdf
Ghavifekr, S., & Ibrahim, M. S. (2014). Head of departments’ instructional supervisory role and teachers’ job performance: Teachers’ perceptions. Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies, 1(2), 45–56. https://1library.net/document/qvlp980y-head-teachers-perceptions-towards-implementation-of-performance-contracts.html
Gholami, K. (2011). Moral care and caring pedagogy: Two dimensions of teachers’ praxis. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 19(1), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2011.548995
Hayes, D. (Ed). (2014). Innovations in the continuing professional development of English language teachers. British Council. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/innovations-continuing-professional-development-english-language-teachers
Hofman, R. H., & Dijkstra, B. J. (2010). Effective teacher professionalization in networks? Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 1031–1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.046
Hunzicker, J. (2010). Characteristics of effective professional development: A checklist. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED510366.pdf
Kansanen, P., Tirri, K., Meri, M., Krokfors, L., Husu, J., & Jyrhämä, R. (2000). Teachers´ pedagogical thinking. Theoretical landscapes, practical challenges. Peter Lang.
Knight, K., Iswanti, S. N., & Murphey, T. (2018). Balancing personal responsibilities with association altruism: Three professional development histories in LTAs. In A. Elsheikh, C. Coombe, & O. Effiong (Eds.), The role of language teacher associations in professional development (pp. 295–306). Springer.
Kuchah, K. (2018). Teaching English to young learners in difficult circumstances. In S. Garton & F. Copland (Eds.), Routledge handbook of teaching English to young learners (pp. 73–92). Routledge.
Kuchah, H., Djigo, O. M., & Taye, B. (2019). English language teacher education and collaborative professional development in contexts of constraints. In S. Walsh & S. Mann (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of English language teacher education (pp. 350–357). Routledge.
Lyons, N. (1998). Reflection in teaching: Can it be developmental? A portfolio perspective. Teacher Education Quarterly, 25(1), 115–127. https://teqjournal.org/backvols/1998/25_1/1998v25n111.PDF
Mbeudeu, C. (2020). The contribution of teacher performance in dealing with the English learning crisis in Cameroon. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344580271_The_Contribution_of_Teacher_Performance_in_Dealing_with_the_English_Learning_Crisis_in_Cameroon
MINEDUC. (1996). A handbook for heads of secondary and high School. MINEDUC.
MINEDUC. (2009). Circular No.32/09/MINESEC IGE of 07/09/2009 fixing the constitution, role and functioning of departmental councils in general, technical and teacher training colleges. MINEDUC.
Ndame, T. (2019). Managing professionalism in teacher education: Issues of teacher identity development in Cameroon. European Journal of Education Studies, 6(3), 19–43. https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/2466/5104
Ngwa, E. S., & Mekolle, P. M. (2020). Public policy on education in contemporary Cameroon: Perspectives, issues and future directions. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(8), 187–204. https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/3203/5839
Ntam, N. E. (2010). The importance of continued professional development training for teachers: The role of professional associations. Paper presented at the ELT Conference in Sudan/Khartoum University.
Obena, A. I. (2021). Leadership practices and strategies to resolve teachers’ challenges in Cameroon secondary schools. International Journal of Research publication, 78(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP100781620211986
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2018). Teaching and learning international survey (TALIS). https://www.oecd.org/education/school/TALIS-2018-MS-Teacher-Questionnaire-ENG.pdf
Republic of Cameroon. (2005). Decree No. 2005/139 of 25th April 2005. Organizing the Ministry of Secondary Education. Presidency of the Republic.
Rwanda Education Board. (2019). The national teacher CPD framework. Republic of Rwanda.
Smith, R., & Kuchah, K. (2016). Researching teacher associations. ELT Journal, 70(2), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccv077
Titanji, P., & Yuoh, N. M. (2010). Supervision of instruction in Cameroon: Are pedagogic inspectors doing their work? ISEA, 38(2), 21–40. https://www.ijntr.org/download_data/IJNTR05040051.pdf
Underhill, A. (1999). Conscious teacher development. IATEFL. Issues, 149, 14–18.
Wiysahnyuy, L. F. (2021). The competency-based approach in Cameroon public secondary schools: Modes of appropriation and constrains. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 8(1), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0801011
Woodward, T. (2010). The professional lifecycle of teachers. In IATFL 44th Annual International IATEFL Conference. Harrogate, UK.
Zepeda, S. J. (2013). The principal as instructional leader: A practical handbook. Routledge.
Recommended Reading
British Council. (2017). Continuing professional development (CPD) framework for teacher educators. British Council.
Elsheikh, A., & Effiong, O. (2018). Teacher development through language teacher associations: Lessons from Africa. In A. Elsheikh, C. Coombe, & O. Effiong (Eds.), The role of language teacher associations in professional development (pp. 71–86). Springer.
Hayes, D. (Ed). (2014). Innovations in the continuing professional development of English language teachers. British Council.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Focho, G.N. (2023). Learning to Teach: The Continuing Professional Development Realities of English Language Teachers in Cameroon. In: Cirocki, A., Farrelly, R., Buchanan, H. (eds) Continuing Professional Development of TESOL Practitioners. Springer Texts in Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42675-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42675-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-42674-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-42675-9
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)