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Photovoltaics and the Built Environment in Brazil

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Reducing the Effects of Climate Change Using Building-Integrated and Building-Applied Photovoltaics in the Power Supply

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Abstract

In Brazil, hydroelectricity has been the major and lowest-cost electricity source and currently accounts for ~62% of the electric-power market. With wind supplying an additional 12.5%, Brazil has been cited as an example for renewable-electricity production. However, the emerging concerns for the environmental and social impacts of hydro have led to policies that limit hydroelectric expansions. Additionally, growing periods of drought are restricting existing generation capacities and services. This has led to higher electricity prices and increased investments in new, clean energy sources. Photovoltaics (PV) has emerged as a primary candidate to meet the economic, reliability, and versatility requirements. Solar electricity is well-matched to Brazil’s excellent solar resource with the annual average global horizontal irradiation (GHI) that varies between 4.2 and 6.2 kWh/m2, with the highest solar irradiances in the northeast regions. This chapter highlights the evolution and recent growth of PV installations in Brazil. This is associated with policy and regulations, local meteorological and climate conditions, and economic and social considerations. In particular, the effects of government strategies are discussed and evaluated for the impact on PV in buildings. PV’s growing use and applications in the building sector are highlighted. The status, relative benefits, and trends of building-applied and building-integrated PV (BAPV and BIPV) are evaluated. Some examples of current BAPV and BIPV are presented. Features of building design and requirements are analyzed for single-family dwellings through commercial tower structures for the diverse Brazil climate conditions. Special needs and issues for the working-class neighborhoods are discussed along with the prospects for PV in these areas. The potential and future for PV in the Brazil built-environment markets are considered.

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Notes

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support and assistance of the Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Grupo de Estudos em Energia (GREEN PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, the Architecture and Urbanism Graduate Programa of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) and Brazil CAPES. We also acknowledge the support of the Fulbright Foundation under which L.L. Kazmerski was a 2022 Fulbright Scholar in Brazil during the development of this chapter and reflects part of this project. Finally, we thank Dr. Ali Sayigh, Editor of this book, for discussions and his advocacy on the need and potential for renewable energy and special energy concerns in the built environment over the three decades.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Antonia Sônia A. C. Diniz & Suellen C. S. Costa

  2. Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil

    Joyce Correna Carlo

  3. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    L. L. Kazmerski

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  1. Antonia Sônia A. C. Diniz
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Correspondence to Antonia Sônia A. C. Diniz .

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  1. World Renewable Energy Congress & Network (WREC/WREN), Brighton, UK

    Ali Sayigh

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Diniz, A.S.A.C., Carlo, J.C., Costa, S.C.S., Kazmerski, L.L. (2024). Photovoltaics and the Built Environment in Brazil. In: Sayigh, A. (eds) Reducing the Effects of Climate Change Using Building-Integrated and Building-Applied Photovoltaics in the Power Supply. Innovative Renewable Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42584-4_1

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