Skip to main content

Beyond Browser Online Shopping: Experience Attitude Towards Online 3D Shopping with Conversational Agents

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2023 (INTERACT 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14143))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

With the growing interest in recreating live and realistic outside experiences within the confines of our homes, the online shopping industry has also been impacted. However, traditional modes of interaction with online storefronts have remained mainly unchanged. This paper studies the factors influencing user experience and interaction in 3D virtual stores. We created a prototype that uses a 3D virtual environment for users to navigate, purchase items, and communicate with a conversational agent. The designed interface was tested by studying a set of variables, including the user’s interaction medium with the conversational agent, the movement method within the store, the user’s perception of the conversational agent, the conversational agent’s usability, and the store items’ visual representation. Through the user study, we gained insights into the factors that guide the user’s experience in 3D virtual stores. We concluded that 80% of users preferred less intrusive conversational agents and 75% preferred agents that did not hide visual elements. Additionally, 80% of the participants favored combining 2D and 3D visualization techniques.

https://nova-lincs.di.fct.unl.pt/.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Avatar in this context is used to refer to the virtual representation of the interactable agent in the virtual world.

  2. 2.

    Cortana Speech detection, Unity API, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/mixed-reality/develop/unity/voice-input, Last Access 2023.

  3. 3.

    Pix2Surf, repository, https://github.com/aymenmir1/pix2surf, Last Access: 2023.

References

  1. Bavaresco, R., et al.: Conversational agents in business: a systematic literature review and future research directions. Comput. Sci. Rev. 36, 100239 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ben Mimoun, M.S., Poncin, I., Garnier, M.: Case study-embodied virtual agents: an analysis on reasons for failure. J. Retailing Consum. Serv. 19(6), 605–612 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2012.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Borsci, S., et al.: The chatbot usability scale: the design and pilot of a usability scale for interaction with AI-based conversational agents. Personal Ubiquitous Comput. 26(1), 95–119 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Brooke, J., et al.: SUS-a quick and dirty usability scale. Usability Eval. Indust. 189(194), 4–7 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Burke, R.R., Harlam, B.A., Kahn, B.E., Lodish, L.M.: Comparing Dynamic Consumer Choice in Real and Computer-simulated Environments. J. Consum. Res. 19(1), 71–82 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1086/209287

  6. van Eeuwen, M.: Mobile conversational commerce: messenger chatbots as the next interface between businesses and consumers (2017). www.essay.utwente.nl/71706/

  7. Fornelos, T., et al.: A conversational shopping assistant for online virtual stores. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3547738

  8. Ghosh, D., Foong, P.S., Zhang, S., Zhao, S.: Assessing the utility of the system usability scale for evaluating voice-based user interfaces. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium of Chinese CHI (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Griol, D., Carbó, J., Molina, J.M.: An automatic dialog simulation technique to develop and evaluate interactive conversational agents. Appl. Artif. Intell. 27(9), 759–780 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2013.835230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Groom, V., Nass, C., Chen, T., Nielsen, A., Scarborough, J.K., Robles, E.: Evaluating the effects of behavioral realism in embodied agents. Int. J. Human-Comput. Stud. 67(10), 842–849 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Holzwarth, M., Janiszewski, C., Neumann, M.M.: The influence of avatars on online consumer shopping behavior. J. Market. 70(4), 19–36 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.4.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kang, H.J., Shin, J.h., Ponto, K.: How 3D virtual reality stores can shape consumer purchase decisions: the roles of informativeness and playfulness. J. Interact. Market. 49, 70–85 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Li, J.: The benefit of being physically present: a survey of experimental works comparing copresent robots, telepresent robots and virtual agents. Int. J. Human-Comput. Stud. 77, 23–37 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lugrin, B., Pelachaud, C., Traum, D.: The handbook on socially interactive agents: 20 years of research on embodied conversational agents, intelligent virtual agents, and social robotics, volume 2: Interactivity, platforms, application (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Luo, B., Lau, R.Y., Li, C., Si, Y.W.: A critical review of state-of-the-art chatbot designs and applications. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Data Mining Knowl. Disc. 12(1), e1434 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  16. McClymont, J., Shuralyov, D., Stuerzlinger, W.: Comparison of 3d navigation interfaces. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces and Measurement Systems Proceedings, pp. 1–6 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/VECIMS.2011.6053842

  17. Mir, A., Alldieck, T., Pons-Moll, G.: Learning to transfer texture from clothing images to 3D humans (2020). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2003.02050

  18. Mori, M., MacDorman, K.F., Kageki, N.: The uncanny valley [from the field]. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 19(2), 98–100 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Mystakidis, S.: Metaverse. Encyclopedia 2(1), 486–497 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010031

  20. Nah, F.F.H., Davis, S.: HCI research issues in e-commerce. J. Electron. Comm. Res. 3(3), 98–113 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nijholt, A., Heylen, D., Vertegaal, R.: Inhabited interfaces: attentive conversational agents that help. In: Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality and Associated Technologies (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Nowak, K.L., Rauh, C.: Choose your “buddy icon” carefully: the influence of avatar androgyny, anthropomorphism and credibility in online interactions. Comput. Human Behav. 24(4), 1473–1493 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Peukert, C., Pfeiffer, J., Meißner, M., Pfeiffer, T., Weinhardt, C.: Shopping in virtual reality stores: the influence of immersion on system adoption. J. Manage. Inform. Syst. 36(3), 755–788 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Piro, L., Desolda, G., Matera, M., Lanzilotti, R., Mosca, S., Pucci, E.: An interactive paradigm for the end-user development of chatbots for data exploration. In: Ardito, C., et al. (eds.) Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT 2021–18th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Bari, Italy, 30 August–3 September 2021, Proceedings, Part IV. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 12935, pp. 177–186 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85610-6_11

  25. Pricilla, C., Lestari, D.P., Dharma, D.: Designing interaction for chatbot-based conversational commerce with user-centered design. In: 2018 5th International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concept Theory and Applications (ICAICTA), pp. 244–249 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAICTA.2018.8541320

  26. Quarteroni, S., Manandhar, S.: A chatbot-based interactive question answering system. Decalog 2007, 83 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Schnack, A., Wright, M.J., Holdershaw, J.L.: Immersive virtual reality technology in a three-dimensional virtual simulated store: Investigating telepresence and usability. Food Res. Int. 117, 40–49 (2019), special issue on “Virtual reality and food: Applications in sensory and consumer science”. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.028

  28. Szczuka, J.M., Güzelbey, H.S., Krämer, N.C.: Someone or something to play with? an empirical study on how parents evaluate the social appropriateness of interactions between children and differently embodied artificial interaction partners. In: Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, pp. 191–194. IVA 2021. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3472306.3478349

  29. Tan, D.S., Robertson, G.G., Czerwinski, M.: Exploring 3D navigation: combining speed-coupled flying with orbiting, pp. 418–425. CHI 2001. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2001). https://doi.org/10.1145/365024.365307

  30. Tan, S.M., Liew, T.W.: Designing embodied virtual agents as product specialists in a multi-product category e-commerce: the roles of source credibility and social presence. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 36(12), 1136–1149 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1722399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Vaddadi, S., Asri, S., Ghemi, Y., Aytha, R.: Developing chatbot wrapper for online shopping: a case study of using generic mobile messaging system (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Xi, N., Hamari, J.: Shopping in virtual reality: a literature review and future agenda. J. Bus. Res. 134, 37–58 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Xu, K., Chan, J., Ghose, A., Han, S.P.: Battle of the channels: the impact of tablets on digital commerce. Manage. Sci. 63(5), 1469–1492 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has been partially funded by the CMU-Portugal research project iFetch, reference - LISBOA-01-0247-FEDER-045920, and by the NOVA LINCS project Ref. UIDP/04516/2020. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of the NVIDIA Corporation regarding the GPUs used for this research. This work is supported by NOVA LINCS (UIDB/04516/2020) with the financial support of FCT.IP.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pedro Valente .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Valente, P. et al. (2023). Beyond Browser Online Shopping: Experience Attitude Towards Online 3D Shopping with Conversational Agents. In: Abdelnour Nocera, J., Kristín Lárusdóttir, M., Petrie, H., Piccinno, A., Winckler, M. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2023. INTERACT 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14143. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42283-6_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42283-6_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-42282-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-42283-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics