Abstract
Industrial effluent is related to liquid waste generated by industries that may be emitted into the municipal drainage or sewer system. The effluents composition is extremely variable and heavily influenced by the various industries from which they originate. Contaminants can be grouped into different classes such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, heavy metals and metalloids, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and microplastics. Each contaminant upon exposure possesses a specific health impact on humans and animals as well as on marine life when mixed in the sewer.
This harmful effluent needs to be treated to reduce its adverse effect either on-site or off-site. There are a variety of conventional and advanced wastewater treatment facilities available for use. For on-site installation of treatment facilities, the cost of such plants can be reduced by the government by taxing less on equipment purchases. For off-site installation of the treatment plant, the local body can seek financial support from the industries producing these effluents.
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Abbreviations
- AMR:
-
Antimicrobial resistance
- BBP:
-
Benzyl butyl phthalate
- BPA:
-
Bisphenol A
- DBP:
-
Di-n-butyl phthalate
- DEHP:
-
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- DiBP:
-
Di-iso butylphthalate
- DVFA:
-
Danish Veterinary and Food Administration
- EC:
-
European commission
- EDCs:
-
Endocrine-disrupting compounds
- EFSA:
-
European Food Safety Authority
- EPA:
-
Environmental Protection Agency
- kg bw:
-
Kilograms of body weight
- LOAEL:
-
Lowest observed adverse effect level
- MRL:
-
Minimum risk level
- PCBs:
-
Polychlorinated biphenyls
- PCDDs:
-
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
- PCDFs:
-
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
- PFAS:
-
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
- PFOA:
-
Perfluorooctanoic acid
- PFOS:
-
Perfluorooctane sulfonate
- POPs:
-
Persistent organic pollutants
- PTMI:
-
Provisional tolerable monthly intake
- RfD:
-
Reference dose
- TCDD:
-
2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
- TDI:
-
Tolerable daily intake
- TMI:
-
Tolerable monthly intake
- TWI:
-
Tolerable weekly intake
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
- μg/kg:
-
Microgram per kilogram
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Ansari, Z.H., Bista, U. (2023). Hazards Associated with Industrial Effluents and Its Mitigation Strategies. In: Pathak, P., Srivastava, R.R., Ilyas, S. (eds) Anthropogenic Environmental Hazards. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41013-0_5
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