Abstract
With the development of IT technology and the increasing demand for service integration, the widespread application of System of Systems (SoS) is inevitable in the era to come. Among numerous key issues related to SoS, analyzing the resilience of SoS is a challenging problem. Although many studies and discussions for system engineering have provided solutions for this problem, two significant characteristics of SoS, which are the independence of Constituent systems (CSs) and the involvement of multiple stakeholders, are ignored. Based on these two characteristics, this paper proposed a quantitative method for analyzing the resilience of SoS. The method includes visual modeling of the SoS using the EA tool ArchiMate, quantitatively simulating the model based on defining the value of service capacities of the CSs and evaluating and designing resilience from multiple stakeholders’ perspectives. Finally, a case study based on Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is presented. By analyzing resilience of MaaS, the critical node is identified, and by resilience redesign, the resilience of the SoS is improved after enhancement.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC/IEEE 21841 Systems and software engineering—Taxonomy of systems of systems (2019)
Sage, A.P., Cuppan, C.D.: On the systems engineering and management of systems of systems and federations of systems. Inf. Knowl. Syst. Manag. 2, 325–345 (2001)
Uday, P., Marais, K.B.: Designing resilient systems-of-systems: a survey of metrics, methods, and challenges. Syst. Eng. 18 (2015)
Lee, J., Wong, E.Y.: Suez Canal blockage: an analysis of legal impact, risks and liabilities to the global supply chain. In: MATEC Web of Conferences (2021)
International Organization for Standardization. ISO 22300 Security and resilience—Vocabulary (2021)
Hosseini, S., Barker, K., Ramírez-Márquez, J.E.: A review of definitions and measures of system resilience. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 145, 47–61 (2016)
Stanilka, S., Dagli, C.H., Miller, A.: 1.3.4 object-oriented development for DoDAF system of systems. In: INCOSE International Symposium, vol. 15 (2005)
Li, L., Dou, Y., Ge, B., Yang, K., Chen, Y.: Executable system-of-systems architecting based on DoDAF meta-model. In: 2012 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), pp. 362–367 (2012)
Michael, J.B., Shing, M., Miklaski, M.H., Babbitt, J.D.: Modeling and simulation of system-of-systems timing constraints with UML-RT and OMNeT++. In: 2004 Proceedings. 15th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping, pp. 202–209 (2004)
Bondar, S., Hsu, J.C., Pfouga, A., Stjepandić, J.: Agile digital transformation of system-of-systems architecture models using Zachman framework. J. Ind. Inf. Integr. 7, 33–43 (2017)
Mittal, S., Risco-Martín, J.L.: Model-driven systems engineering for netcentric system of systems with DEVS unified process. In: 2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC), pp. 1140–1151 (2013)
Wang, J., Yuan, H.: System dynamics approach for investigating the risk effects on schedule delay in infrastructure projects. J. Manag. Eng. 33, 04016029 (2017)
Watson, B.C., Chowdhry, A., Weissburg, M.J., Bras, B.: A new resilience metric to compare system of systems architecture. IEEE Syst. J. 16, 2056–2067 (2022)
Hosseini, S., Khaled, A.A., Sarder, A.: general framework for assessing system resilience using Bayesian networks: a case study of sulfuric acid manufacturer. J. Manuf. Syst. 41, 211–227 (2016)
Rao, M., Ramakrishnan, S., Dagli, C.H.: Modeling and simulation of net centric system of systems using systems modeling language and colored Petri-nets: a demonstration using the global earth observation system of systems. Syst. Eng. 11, 203–220 (2008)
Silva, R., Braga, R.T.: Simulating systems-of-systems with agent-based modeling: a systematic literature review. IEEE Syst. J. 14, 3609–3617 (2020)
Yodo, N., Wang, P.: Resilience modeling and quantification for engineered systems using Bayesian networks. J. Mech. Des. 138, 031404 (2016)
Zhou, Z., Matsubara, Y., Takada, H.: Resilience analysis and design for mobility-as-a-service based on enterprise architecture modeling. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 229, 108812 (2022)
Ed-daoui, I., Itmi, M., Hami, A.E., Hmina, N., Mazri, T.: A deterministic approach for systems-of-systems resilience quantification. Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. 14, 80–99 (2018)
Dessavre, D.G., Ramírez-Márquez, J.E., Barker, K.: Multidimensional approach to complex system resilience analysis. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 149, 34–43 (2016)
Uday, P., Marais, K.B.: Resilience-based system importance measures for system-of-systems. In: Conference on Systems Engineering Research (2014)
Emanuel, R.: Hybrid resilience framework for systems of systems incorporating stakeholder preferences (2018)
Didier, M., Broccardo, M., Esposito, S., Stojadinović, B.: A compositional demand/supply framework to quantify the resilience of civil infrastructure systems (Re-CoDeS). Sustain. Resilient Infrastruct. 3, 102–186 (2018)
Ng, I.C., Wirtz, J., Lee, K.S.: The strategic role of unused service capacity. Int. J. Serv. Ind. Manag. 10, 211–244 (1999)
Muller, M., Park, S., Lee, R., Fusco, B., Correia, G.H.: Review of whole system simulation methodologies for assessing mobility as a service (MaaS) as an enabler for sustainable urban mobility. Sustainability 13, 5591 (2021)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhang, H., Matsubara, Y., Takada, H. (2023). A Quantitative Approach for System of Systems’ Resilience Analyzing Based on ArchiMate. In: Guiochet, J., Tonetta, S., Schoitsch, E., Roy, M., Bitsch, F. (eds) Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security. SAFECOMP 2023 Workshops. SAFECOMP 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14182. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40953-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40953-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-40952-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-40953-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)