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Mechanisms, Etiology, and Classification of Rare Clefts

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Facial Reconstruction of Unusual Facial Clefts

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Abstract

Progresses in biology bring new understandings to the mechanisms of normal morphogenesis that, when everything goes well, yields normal people.

Going through embryology, histogenesis, genetics, and macromolecular is a journey toward more profound knowledge. More and more genetic dysfunctions, either due to mutations or environmental, are found to be related to malformations named rare clefts. Even whether precise sequences are not fully understood, when carefully looking at an extensive series of rare clefts either found in the literature or in a series as large as the one merged from two craniofacial centers with a huge caseload, we have the feeling that phenotypes including a rare cleft could, probably, be related to alterations, may be different, but occurring in a same genetic cascade. Tessier’s classification has been a significant step, in the twentieth century, in the science of those rare craniofacial malformations. Progresses in advanced medical imaging and genetics will allow a second major step in this way.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France

    Philippe Pellerin

  2. Plastic Surgery Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

    Renato da Silva Freitas

  3. Craniofacial Surgery, Assistance Center for Cleft Lip and Palate (CAIF), Hospital do Trabalhador, Curitiba, Brazil

    Renato da Silva Freitas

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  1. Philippe Pellerin
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Nivaldo Alonso

  2. Plastic Surgery Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

    Renato da Silva Freitas

  3. Craniofacial Surgery Department, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

    Cristiano Tonello

  4. Plastic Surgery Department, University of Lille, Lambersart, France

    Philippe Pellerin

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Pellerin, P., da Silva Freitas, R. (2023). Mechanisms, Etiology, and Classification of Rare Clefts. In: Alonso, N., Freitas, R.d.S., Tonello, C., Pellerin, P. (eds) Facial Reconstruction of Unusual Facial Clefts. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40926-4_3

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