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Prognostic Factors in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

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Integrating Multidisciplinary Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

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Abstract

Over the last decade, many new systemic therapy options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have led to paradigm shifts in the standard of care. The introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and combination immune-oncology (IO)-IO or IO-VEGF based regimens have improved survival for patients. The continued expansion of treatment options is accompanied by an increasing necessity for reliable stratification approaches to facilitate a risk-directed approach to therapy, patient counseling, and clinical trial design. In this chapter, we will summarize the available evidence to date on prognostic factors associated with survival and response to therapy, from clinical and molecular biomarker perspectives for patients with mRCC. Risk models such as the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) are helpful in appropriate stratification of patients with mRCC in the contemporary IO era. Numerous novel risk factors have been proposed but require clinical validation. Additionally, a commentary on future biomarker-driven trial design for prognostic markers and the associated challenges is provided.

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Acknowledgments

Many thanks to Dr. B. Thankey for illustrative assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Kosuke Takemura, Vishal Navani, Daniel Y. C. Heng & Matthew S. Ernst

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  1. Kosuke Takemura
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  2. Vishal Navani
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  3. Daniel Y. C. Heng
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  4. Matthew S. Ernst
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Correspondence to Daniel Y. C. Heng .

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  1. Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Rana R. McKay

  2. Division of Urologic Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA

    Eric A. Singer

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Takemura, K., Navani, V., Heng, D.Y.C., Ernst, M.S. (2023). Prognostic Factors in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. In: McKay, R.R., Singer, E.A. (eds) Integrating Multidisciplinary Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40901-1_10

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