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Cold-Water Coral Reefs in the Oxygen Minimum Zones Off West Africa

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Cold-Water Coral Reefs of the World

Part of the book series: Coral Reefs of the World ((CORW,volume 19))

Abstract

The discoveries of large reefs within cold-water coral mound provinces revealed that the West African margin is a coral hotspot area in the Atlantic Ocean. The most striking observation is that cold-water corals thrive in extensive oxygen minimum zones under extreme conditions. This points to a wide tolerance of cold-water corals in these regions to low oxygen concentrations. The coral mound provinces off Mauritania, Angola, and Namibia, which are located in the centre of the local oxygen minimum zones, were selected as key study areas, and their regional oceanographic, bio-ecological, and geo-morphological settings are described in detail. Even though all three provinces are characterised by highly productive, oxygen-depleted, and relatively warm environmental conditions, they differ considerably with respect to the present-day reef status and the timing of mound formation during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Today’s bottom-trawl fishing and oil and gas exploration pose severe threats to the coral communities, and together with predicted ocean warming and deoxygenation, these areas may not continue to support living coral reefs. To fully understand the ecology of the West African cold-water corals and the regional environmental control mechanisms, research strategies following a multidisciplinary and integrated approach are needed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all nautical and scientific crews for their on-board assistance during expeditions exploring the West African cold-water corals (e.g., RV Meteor expedition M122 ‘ANNA’, RV Maria S. Merian expedition MSM16-3 ‘PHAETON’). In particular, the tremendous efforts of the ROV-Squid team (Nicolas Nowald, Christian Seiter, Vincent Vittori and Tom Leymann; MARUM, Bremen, Germany) and the fabulous ROV-pilot Tomas Lundälv (University of Gothenburg, Sweden) are greatly acknowledged. This research was supported by (i) the German Science Foundation (DFG) and the Cluster of Excellence ‘The Ocean Floor-Earth’s Uncharted Interface’ (CW, AF, JT, DH); (ii) the GIZ-project ‘West African Biodiversity under Pressure’ (WASP; Contract 81248171) (AF); (iii) the Innovational Research Incentives Scheme of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-VIDI grant 016.161.360) (FM); (iv) the DFG-project ‘Cold-water coral mound development in a tropical upwelling cell—The great wall of(f) Mauritania’ (Ti 706/3-1) (JT); (v) the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD; Fellowship No. 91723955 within the Re-invitation Programme for Former Scholarship Holders, 2019, No. 57440916) (CO); and (vi) the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 679849 (‘SponGES’) (FM) and No. 818123 (‘iAtlantic’) (DH, CO). This output reflects only the authors’ views and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Claudia Wienberg, André Freiwald, Jürgen Titschack & Dierk Hebbeln

  2. Marine Research Department, Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany

    André Freiwald & Jürgen Titschack

  3. Institut für Umweltphysik & Institut für Geowissenschaften (IUP), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Norbert Frank

  4. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), ’t Horntje, Texel, The Netherlands

    Furu Mienis

  5. Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Gijón, Spain

    Covadonga Orejas

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  1. Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Erik Cordes

  2. Department of Ocean Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands

    Furu Mienis

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Wienberg, C. et al. (2023). Cold-Water Coral Reefs in the Oxygen Minimum Zones Off West Africa. In: Cordes, E., Mienis, F. (eds) Cold-Water Coral Reefs of the World. Coral Reefs of the World, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40897-7_8

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