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Astrology, Modernity, and the Disputed Nature of Self

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Astrology and Western Society from the First World War to Covid-19

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Abstract

In this chapter Charles Taylor’s distinction between models of self as ‘porous’ and ‘buffered’ is deployed to identify trends of thought amongst horoscopic astrologers (primarily in the UK and USA) in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Antecedents of Taylor’s distinction include the division between premodernity and modernity, and Max Weber’s discussion of the world as enchanted and disenchanted; these concepts are also considered. The influence of C. G. Jung’s thought, in particular his concept of synchronicity, is discussed. It is shown how, in the second half of the twentieth century, Jung’s ideas—mediated particularly by the French/American composer and astrologer Dane Rudhyar—fostered enquiry into the possibility that astrology, rather than being a proto-science (or indeed a failed science) might best be understood as a form of divination.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century England (London: Penguin, 1973) p. 396; p. 394.

  2. 2.

    Koyre, Alexandre: From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1957) p. viii.

  3. 3.

    Michael Allen Gillespie, The Theological Origins of Modernity (University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL: 2008) pp. x–xi.

  4. 4.

    Max Weber in: David Owen & Tracy B. Strong (eds.), Rodney Livingstone (tr.), “Science as a Vocation” in: Max Weber, The Vocation Lectures (Hackett Publishing Company: Indianapolis IN, 2004) pp. 12–13

  5. 5.

    Jason Ā. Josephson-Storm, The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences (University of Chicago Press: 2017), p. 4.

  6. 6.

    Josephson-Storm, p. 13.

  7. 7.

    Peter Burke, A Social History of Knowledge II: From the Encyclopédie to Wikipedia (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2012) p. 152.

  8. 8.

    Burke, p. 152.

  9. 9.

    Chronologically: Richard Tarnas, The Passion of the Western Mind (New York: Ballantine, 1993) p. 412 & passim; Patrick Curry in: Roy Willis and Patrick Curry, Astrology, Science and Culture: Pulling Down the Moon (Oxford: Berg, 2004) pp. 77–92; Richard Tarnas, Cosmos and Psyche: Intimations of a New World View (New York: Viking/Penguin, 2006) pp. 20–22 & passim, Nicholas Campion, “Enchantment and the Awe of the Heavens” in: Enrico Maria Corsini (ed.), The Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena VI (San Francisco, CA: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2011) pp. 415–422. (Campion’s paper focuses on astronomical experience more than astrology per se.)

  10. 10.

    Charles Taylor, A Secular Age (Belknap Press/Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA: 2007) p. 27.

  11. 11.

    Taylor, Secular Age, p. 446. Original emphasis.

  12. 12.

    Taylor, Secular Age, p. 38.

  13. 13.

    Taylor, Secular Age, p. 38.

  14. 14.

    Notable examples include: Oliver Davies, Theology of Transformation: Faith, Freedom & the Christian Act (Oxford University Press: 2013); Samuel Kimbriel, Friendship as Sacred Knowing: Overcoming Isolation (Oxford University Press, 2014); Justin Pack, Amor Mundi and Overcoming Modern World Alienation (Lanham MD: Lexington Books, 2020), pp. 17–20; 48–50; 143–148“”“”“”.

  15. 15.

    Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah, Magic, Science, Religion, and the Scope of Rationality (Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 108–9.

  16. 16.

    Charles Taylor, “Charles Taylor’s Response to a Roundtable Discussion of His Book A Secular Age”, Political Theology Vol. 11 No. 2 (2010) p. 299.

  17. 17.

    Garry Phillipson, Astrology and Truth: A Context in Contemporary Epistemology (University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2019: http://cosmocritic.com/pdfs/Phillipson_Garry_Astrology_and_Truth.pdf) (Checked 28th February 2023).

  18. 18.

    Robert B. Culver and Philip A. Ianna, Astrology: True or False? A Scientific Evaluation (New York: Prometheus Books, 1988).

  19. 19.

    Culver & Ianna, p. 2.

  20. 20.

    Nicholas deVore, Encyclopedia of Astrology (Totowa, NJ: 1976) p. 28; cited in Culver & Ianna, p. 2.

  21. 21.

    Geoffrey Dean with Suitbert Ertel, Ivan W. Kelly, Arthur Mather and Rudolf Smit in: Garry Phillipson, Astrology in the Year Zero (London: Flare, 2000) p. 129.

  22. 22.

    This translation from: Luís Campos Ribeiro, “The bounded heavens: Defining the Limits of Astrological Practice in the Iberian Indices”, Annals of Science Vol. 77 No. 1 (April 2020), p. 52. Text in: Theodore Alois Buckley (tr.), Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent (London: George Routledge, 1851) “Second Part” “Concerning Prohibited Books”, Rule IX p. 287.

  23. 23.

    The terms are considered for instance in: Nicholas Campion, The Dawn of Astrology: A Cultural History of Western Astrology, Volume 1: The Ancient and Classical Worlds (London: Continuum, 2008) p. 284, pp. 212–3 respectively.

  24. 24.

    T. J. Tomlin, A Divinity for all Persuasions: Almanacs and Early American Religious Life (Oxford University Press, 2014) p. 30.

  25. 25.

    Bullarum, Diplomatum et Privilegiorum Sanctorum Romanorum Pontificum Taurinensis Editio, VIII (Turin: 1863) pp. 646–50.

  26. 26.

    Bullarum p. 646–7. I acknowledge my debt to three texts for their insights into this text: Ugo Baldini, “The Roman Inquisition’s condemnation of astrology: antecedents, reasons and consequences” in: Gigliola Fragnito (ed.), Adrian Belton (tr.), Church, Censorship and Culture in Early Modern Italy (Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 79–110; and Ribeiro (2020).

  27. 27.

    Ernst Cassirer, Mario Domandi (tr.), The Individual and the Cosmos in Renaissance Philosophy (University of Chicago Press, 1963 [Individuum und Kosmos in der Philosophie der Renaissance, Leipzig: Teubner, 1927]) p. 105.

  28. 28.

    H. Darrel Rutkin, Sapientia Astrologica: Astrology, Magic and Natural Knowledge, ca. 1250–1800 (Springer: Cham, 2019) p. xviii, pp. 360–1.

  29. 29.

    A significant influence on usage here is: Geoffrey Cornelius, The Moment of Astrology: Origins in Divination (London: Arkana/Penguin, 1994) p. 72 and passim. In the second edition (Bournemouth, Wessex Astrologer 2001), pp. 74–5.

  30. 30.

    Geoffrey Dean, assisted by Arthur Mather and 52 collaborators, Recent Advances in Natal Astrology: A Critical Review, 1900–1976 (Subiaco, Western Australia: Analogic, 1977).

  31. 31.

    Dean et al., Recent Advances p. 23.

  32. 32.

    Dean et al., Recent Advances, p. 25

  33. 33.

    Dean et al., Recent Advances, p. 554.

  34. 34.

    Bernadette Brady, “Astrology and Research” (2003), https://www.academia.edu/8823970/Astrology_and_Research_Astrologers_attitudes_to_research_methodologies_and_the_implications_of_these_attitudes_for_the_contemporary_communities_of_astrologers (checked 27th February 2023); Cornelius, Moment of Astrology, p. 66 (p. 62 in 2nd edn.).

  35. 35.

    Victor J. Stenger, Physics and Psychics: The Search for a World Beyond the Senses (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1990) p. 22—quoted in: Geoffrey Dean, Arthur Mather, David Nias, Rudolf Smit, Tests of Astrology (Amsterdam: AinO Publications, 2016) p. 312 and: Geoffrey Dean, Arthur Mather, David Nias, Rudolf Smith, Understanding Astrology (Amsterdam: AniO Publications, 2022) p. 654.

  36. 36.

    Dean et al., Understanding Astrology, p. 83.

  37. 37.

    Richard Garnett writing as “A. G. Trent”, “Preface” to: George Wilde, Chaldean Astrology Up To Date (London: E. Marsh-Stiles, 1901) p. 6. Same page of the second edition, 1919.

  38. 38.

    Bessie Leo “and others”, The Life and Work of Alan Leo: Theosophist-Astrologer-Mason (London: Modern Astrology, 1919).

  39. 39.

    Alan Leo, “The Editor’s Observatory: Important to Astrologers”, Modern Astrology Vol. XI No. 9, September 1914, pp. 387–88. Original capitalisation.

  40. 40.

    A trend in the seventeenth century towards characterising and evaluating astrology in scientific terms was identified, for instance, by Lynn Thorndike, A History of Magic and Experimental Science, Volume VII: The Seventeenth Century (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1958) pp. 559–563; Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline, p. 769; and P. M. Harman, The Scientific Revolution (London: Methuen, 1983) p. 32.

  41. 41.

    Kim Farnell, Modern Astrologers: The lives of Alan & Bessie Leo (Kent: Self-published, 2018) pp. 227–231; pp. 237–239 respectively.

  42. 42.

    Karen Christino, Foreseeing the Future: Evangeline Adams and Astrology in America (Amherst, MA: One Reed, 2002) pp. 81–2; 90–100; p. 119, respectively.

  43. 43.

    Kim Farnell, Modern Astrologers, p. 11, pp. 104–6, pp. 230–1.

  44. 44.

    Ellic Howe, Uranias Children: The Strange World of the Astrologers (London: William Kimber, 1967) pp. 95–6.

  45. 45.

    This point is made by Farnell, Modern Astrologers, p. 105.

  46. 46.

    Bullarum Diplomatum p. 656, translation from Ribeiro, p. 53.

  47. 47.

    Ebenezer Sibly, A Complete Illustration of the Celestial Science of Astrology (London: Green and Co., 1788), p. 1059 (Part 4).

  48. 48.

    Zach Matthews, “The Beginnings of Astrology”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol 50 No 2, Summer 1976, p. 49.

  49. 49.

    Alan Leo, Esoteric Astrology: A Study in Human Nature (London: Modern Astrology/N. Fowler, 1913) p. 124.

  50. 50.

    Dennis Elwell, “Astrological Superstitions”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 41 No. 2, June–August 1967, p. 53.

  51. 51.

    George Wilde, Chaldean Astrology: How to Cast and Read the Horoscope and Calculate Star Courses (London: T. Werner Laurie, 1909), p. 7. The passage quoted does not appear in the first edition of the book (1901).

  52. 52.

    Julia Parker, “The Planets—Myth and Reality (The Carter Memorial Lecture)”, The Astrological Journal Vol. 44 No. 5, Sept/Oct 2002, p. 8.

  53. 53.

    Parker, p. 17.

  54. 54.

    Zach Matthews, “Editorial”, The Astrological Journal Vol. XVIII No. 2 (Spring 1976), p. 2.

  55. 55.

    Michel and Françoise Gauquelin pursued much research jointly and a number of texts were published under both their names. In referring to the author(s), as with for example, “his approach” here, I have followed the form of identification used in the text concerned. Michel Gauquelin, Gillian Hargreaves (tr.), Written in the Stars: The Proven Link Between Astrology and Destiny (Wellingborough: Aquarian, 1988) p. 42. This book comprises Gauquelin’s first two books: L’Influence des Astres—Etude Critique et Expérimentale (Paris: Editions du Dauphin, 1955); and Les Hommes et Les Astres (Paris: Denöel, 1960), in English translation.

  56. 56.

    Michel Gauquelin, Written in the Stars, p. 42.

  57. 57.

    Michel Gauquelin, Written in the Stars, p. 43.

  58. 58.

    First asserted in: Michel Gauquelin, Cosmic Influences on Human Behavior (New York: Stein and Day, 1973) p. 20; reiterated (as “a grain of gold”) in: Michel Gauquelin, Stela Tomašević, Neo-Astrology: A Copernican Revolution (London: Penguin, 1991) p. 3.

  59. 59.

    Michel Gauquelin, The Truth About Astrology, p. viii; Michel Gauquelin, Neo-Astrology, p. 3.

  60. 60.

    Francis Bacon, De Augmentis Scientarum (Of the Dignity and Advancement of Learning) Book III in: Francis Bacon, James Spedding (tr.), Robert Leslie Ellis (ed.) and Douglas Denon Heath (ed.), The Works of Francis Bacon, Vol. IV: Translations of the Philosophical Works, Vol. 1 (London: Longmans, 1870) p. 349. Cited in, Patrick Curry, Prophecy and Power (Oxford: Polity Press, 1989) p. 61 and Jim Tester, A History of Western Astrology (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1987), p. 220.

  61. 61.

    Examples: Ann Geneva p. 77; Keith Thomas, p. 416; Nicholas Campion, A History of Western Astrology, Vol. II: The Medieval and Modern Worlds (London: Continuum, 2009), p. 163: Jim Tester, p. 220.

  62. 62.

    A. J. Pearce, The Text-Book of Astrology, Vol. I: Genethlialogy (London: Cousins & Co., 1879), p. 22. Pearce is here praising his teacher—Zadkiel I, aka Richard James Morrison (1795–1874). I characterise Pearce as “influential” on the basis that his Text-Book of Astrology is still in print, the most recent edition being from the American Federation of Astrologers in 2006.

  63. 63.

    Alan Leo: “Editorial”, Modern Astrology No. 8, March 1896, p. 206.

  64. 64.

    G. E. W., “True and False Astrology”, The Astrologers’ Magazine, Vol. 3 No. 9, April 1893, p. 196.

  65. 65.

    A. J. Pearce, “Two Remarkable Horoscopes” in Star Lore and Future Events No. 8, August 1897, p. 120.

  66. 66.

    Alan Leo, “A Simple Method of Instruction in the Science of Practical Astrology (Part 1)”, Modern Astrology Vol. 3 No. 1, August 1897, p. 5.

  67. 67.

    H. P. Blavatsky, Isis Unveiled: A Master-Key to the Mysteries of Ancient and Modern Science and Theology (London: W. J. Bouton, 1877) p. 65. For a discussion of H. P. Blavatsky’s complicated relationship to science: Olav Hammer, Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age (Leiden: Brill, 2004) pp. 218–222.

  68. 68.

    G.E.W., “True and False Astrology”, p, 195.

  69. 69.

    G.E.W., “True and False Astrology”, p. 195.

  70. 70.

    G. E. W., “True and False Astrology”, p. 196.

  71. 71.

    G. E. W., “True and False Astrology”, p. 197.

  72. 72.

    John Gadbury, The Doctrine of Nativities (London: JA Cottrell, 1658) p. 284. Gadbury’s proto-scientific orientation can be seen, for instance, in his appeal to readers of his almanac to collect birth data and “compare notes” with a view to bringing astrology “to perfection” (John Gadbury, Ephemeris: or, a Diary [Astronomical and Astrological] For the Year of Grace 1664 (London: James Cottrell, 1664) p. 1. Discussed in Patrick Curry, Prophecy and Power: Astrology in Early Modern England (Cambridge: Polity Press), pp. 74–6.

  73. 73.

    Alfred J. Pearce, The Text-Book of Astrology Vol. II, (London: Cousins & Co., 1889) p. 272.

  74. 74.

    Pearce, Text-Book Vol. II, p. 357.

  75. 75.

    Alan Leo, “The Stars and Ourselves”, Modern Astrology Vol. 1, No. 1, August 1895, p. 23. Original emphases. This is an unsigned article, I have assumed Leo, in his capacity as editor, to have been the author.

  76. 76.

    Alan Leo, “The Stars and Ourselves”, pp. 23–4.

  77. 77.

    Alan Leo, Horary Astrology (London: L. N. Fowler & Co., 1909) p. vii.

  78. 78.

    Guido Bonatti, Benjamin N. Dykes (tr.), The Book of Astronomy (Golden Valley, MN: Cazimi Press, 2007 [completed between 1276 and 1296—ref. Dykes’s introduction, pp. xliii–xliv], Treatise 5, 146 Considerations: 2nd Consideration, p. 265.

  79. 79.

    Firmicus Maternus, Jean Rhys Bram (tr.), Matheseos Libri VIII (Nottingham: Ascella, 1995), Book 2, XXX.1; p. 57.

  80. 80.

    The passage from Bonatti is in: William Lilly (ed.), Henry Coley (tr.), The Astrologer’s Guide (Anima Astrologiae) (London: George Redway, 1675), p. 1. Rhys Bram remarked that Lilly had adapted the relevant section of Firmicus in an editorial comment at p. 57 of the Mathesos. The adapted text is: William Lilly, Christian Astrology (London: Regulus, 1985), 9 (“To the Student in Astrology”).

  81. 81.

    Dane Rudhyar, The Practice of Astrology—As a Technique in Human Understanding (Boulder, CO: 1978 [1968]) p. 138.

  82. 82.

    Alan Leo, Horary Astrology, p. viii.

  83. 83.

    A. Gauntlett, “Letters to the Editor: Horary Astrology” Astrology: Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 22 No. 3, September–November 1948, p. 96.

  84. 84.

    R. C. D., “At the Lodge”, Astrology: the Astrologers’ Quarterly (Vol. 25 No. 3), September–November 1951, p. 100. The identification of Regulus as Koop is from: Liz Henty, The Faculty of Astrological Studies: A History https://www.astrology.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Written-History-Part-1-1948-1969.pdf pp. 6–7 (checked 15th February 2023).

  85. 85.

    R. C. D., “At the Lodge”, p. 100.

  86. 86.

    Hilda Jaffa in Astrology: the Astrologers’ Quarterly, respectively: lecture given on 16th Feb 1953, reported by R. C. D. in “At the Lodge”, Vol.27 no.2 (June–August 1953) p. 56; “Notes for Beginners: Introduction to Horary Astrology”, Vol. 33 No. 4 (December 1959–February 1960) p. 120; “Notes for Beginners: Introduction to Horary Astrology (continued)”, Vol. 34 No. 1 (March–June 1960), p. 9.

  87. 87.

    Ingrid Lind, Astrology and Commonsense (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1962) p. 104.

  88. 88.

    Charles Carter, “Notes for Beginners”, Astrology: the Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 32 No. 2, 1958 32 2 p. 63.

  89. 89.

    C. E. O. Carter, “Some Thoughts on Horary Astrology”, The Astrological Journal Vol. IV No. 4, September 1962, p. 7.

  90. 90.

    Deniz Ertan, Dane Rudhyar: His Music, Thought, and Art (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2009) pp. 79–80.

  91. 91.

    Erik Davis, “The Counterculture and the Occult” in Christopher Partridge (ed.), The Occult World (Oxford: Routledge, 2015) p. 640; Nicholas Campion, Astrology and Cosmology, p. 197.

  92. 92.

    Dane Rudhyar, “Can Astrology ever be “Scientific”?”, American Astrology Magazine Vol. 2 No. 10, December 1934, p. 4.

  93. 93.

    Dane Rudhyar, “Can Astrology Ever Be “Scientific”?”, p. 4.

  94. 94.

    Dane Rudhyar, From Humanistic to Transpersonal Astrology (Palo Alto, CA: The Seed Center, 1975 [1972]) p. 9, p. 10, p. 11.

  95. 95.

    Dane Rudhyar, “The Degree of the Zodiac: A Study in Symbolical Significance”, American Astrology Magazine Vol. 2 No. 8, October 1934, p. 5.

  96. 96.

    Dane Rudhyar, “Psychological Astrology Section”, American Astrology Magazine Vol 3 No. 10, December 1935, p. 12. Neither quotation is exact, they are as follows: “Astrology would be an example of synchronicity on a grand scale if only there were enough thoroughly tested findings to support it”, and “whatever is born or done at this particular moment of time has the quality of this moment of time.”—C. G. Jung, R. F. C. Hull (tr.), “Richard Wilhelm: In Memoriam”, in: The Spirit in Man, Art, and Literature (The Collected Works of C. G. Jung Vol. 13) (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Bollingen Foundation, 1966) p. 56 [81], pp. 56–57 [82] respectively.

  97. 97.

    Paul G. Clancy, “Many Things”, American Astrology Magazine Vol. 2 No. 9, November 1934, p. 19. Original capitalisations.

  98. 98.

    Sheila Finch Rayner (ed.), Dane Rudhyar Interviewed by Sheila Finch Rayner, Clare G. Rayner and Rob Newell (Long Beach, CA: California State University, 1977), p. 62.

  99. 99.

    Dane Rudhyar, The Astrology of Personality: A Re-formulation of Astrological Concepts and Ideals, in Terms of Contemporary Psychology and Philosophy (New York: Lucis Publishing, 1936). The discussion of synchronicity is at p. 94 (p. 89 of the second edition from 1970).

  100. 100.

    Nicholas Campion, The Practical Astrologer (Twickenham: Hamlyn, 1987) p. 9, Culver and Ianna, Astrology: True or False?, p. 120.

  101. 101.

    Charles Carter, “Editorial”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 1 (March–May 1938), p. 5.

  102. 102.

    Margaret E. Hone, “Lecture to Astrological Lodge of London: delivered on November 13th, 1943) Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 18 No. 2, June–August 1944 pp. 40–48.

  103. 103.

    Hone, “Lecture”, pp. 46–7.

  104. 104.

    Hone, “Lecture”, p. 43.

  105. 105.

    Terry Piercey, “Astrology and the I Ching”, The Astrological Journal Vol. VIII No. 4 (Autumn 1966), p. 14.

  106. 106.

    Piercey, “Astrology and the I Ching”, p. 20.

  107. 107.

    Ronald C. Davison, “At the Lodge: Autumn Session 1971” review of Chester Kemp, “Astrology and the I Ching” talk on 11th October 1972, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 47 No. 1, Spring 1973, p. 31. The quotation is from Davison’s synopsis.

  108. 108.

    Dennis Elwell, “Astrological Superstitions”, Astrology: Astrologers’ Quarterly vol 41 no2, June–August 1967, p. 58.

  109. 109.

    Betty Woodhead, “Carl Gustav Jung: A talk given at the Lodge”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 47 No. 4, Winter 1973, p. 125.

  110. 110.

    Geoffrey Cornelius, “Comments on Synchronicity, I Ching and Astrology”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 50 No. 2, Summer 1976 pp. 58–61.

  111. 111.

    Cornelius, “Comments”, p. 60.

  112. 112.

    C. G. Jung, “At the Basel Psychology Club (1958)” in: C. G. Jung, William McGuire (ed.), R. F. C. Hull (ed.), C. G. Jung Speaking: Interviews and Encounters (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977) p. 386.

  113. 113.

    Roderick Main, The Rupture of Time: Synchronicity and Jung’s Critique of Modern Western Culture (Hove: Brunner-Routledge, 2004) p. 106.

  114. 114.

    C. G. Jung, letter to Pastor Max Frischknecht, 8th February 1946 in: C. G. Jung; G. Adler & A Jaffé (eds.), R. F. C. Hull (trans.), Letters of C. G. Jung: Volume 1, 1906–1950 (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973) p. 411.

  115. 115.

    Marie-Louise von Franz, On Divination and Synchronicity: The Psychology of Meaningful Chance (Toronto, ON: Inner City Books, 1980) p. 100.

  116. 116.

    C. G. Jung, “Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle” [1952]in The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche: Collected Works Vol. 8 (2nd. Edition) (London: Routledge, 1969) p. 441/para 850.

  117. 117.

    Maggie Hyde, “Jung and Astrology: A Critique—Part II: Synchronicity”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 58 No. 4, Winter1984/85 pp. 185–200; Maggie Hyde, Jung and Astrology (London: Aquarian/Harper Collins, 1992) particularly pp. 128–133 and pp. 164–171.

  118. 118.

    Maggie Hyde, Jung and Astrology (London: Aquarian/Harper Collins, 1992), p. 128.

  119. 119.

    Henri Candiani, Anon (tr.), Astrological Aphorisms and Divination (London: L. N. Fowler, 1935) First published as: Aphorismes sur l’astrologie et la divination (Paris: Hippocrate, 1935).

  120. 120.

    Candiani, p. 17.

  121. 121.

    Candiani, p. 7, p. 55.

  122. 122.

    Candiani p. 17.

  123. 123.

    Candiani p. 16.

  124. 124.

    Candiani pp. 47–8.

  125. 125.

    Jung, “Richard Wilhelm: In Memoriam”, pp. 56–7 [82].

  126. 126.

    Michael Fordham, New Developments in Analytical Psychology (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1957) p. 49. The translation is from: Richard Wilhelm (tr.) and Cary Baynes (tr.), The I Ching or Book of Changes (3rd edn.) (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968 [1951]) pp. 20–21, hexagram 4.

  127. 127.

    C. G. Jung, letter to Michael Fordham, 3 January 1957 in: C. G. Jung; Gerhard Adler, Aniela Jaffé (eds.); R. F. C. Hull (tr.), C. G. Jung: Letters (Vol. 2) (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976), pp. 343–4 (quotation at p. 344).

  128. 128.

    C. G. Jung, “Foreword to the I Ching”, p. 596 [983]. in: C. G. Jung, R. F. C. Hull (tr.), C. G. Jung—Collected Works, Volume 11, Psychology and Religion: West and East (New York: Pantheon, 1958), p. 596 [983].

  129. 129.

    Main, Rupture of Time, p. 42.

  130. 130.

    Dennis Elwell, “Astrology and the Awakened Man”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 48 No. 4, Winter 1974 p. 119.

  131. 131.

    Hyde quoted in: Phillipson, Year Zero, p. 184.

  132. 132.

    Dane Rudhyar in: Rayner et al., Dane Rudhyar Interviewed, pp. 59–60. For Rudhyar and Jones being friends: Marc Edmund Jones, Horary Astrology: The Technique of Immediacy (Berkeley, CA: Shambhala, 1974 [1st edn. 1943]), p. 8.

  133. 133.

    Marc Edmund Jones, Astrology: How and Why it Works. An Introduction to Basic Horoscopy, (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977 [Philadelphia: David Mckay Co, 1945; parts originally published in American Astrology Magazine, Feb 1940–Jan 1941]) p. 9.

  134. 134.

    Marc Edmund Jones, The Guide to Horoscope Interpretation 3rd edn. (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1974 [1st edn. Philadelphia: David McKay Col, 1941) p, vii.

  135. 135.

    Hilda Jaffa, “Notes for Beginners: Introduction to Horary Astrology”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 33 No. 4, Dec 1959–Feb 1960, p. 120.

  136. 136.

    Denis Labouré, “The Annexation of Astrology by Science”, Astrology: the Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 56 No. 4, Winter 1982/3, pp. 108–110.

  137. 137.

    Michael C. Heleus, “Astrology Puts the Meaning Back into Measurement”, The Astrological Journal Vol. XIV No. 4, Autumn 1972, p. 13.

  138. 138.

    Heleus, p. 13.

  139. 139.

    Patrick Curry, “Embodiment, Alterity and Agency” in Patrick Curry (ed.), Divination: Perspectives for a New Millennium (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010), pp. 114–5.

  140. 140.

    Patrick Harding, “Levels and Archetypes (Part I)”, The Astrological Journal Vol. XVII No. 1, Winter 1975/75, p. 19.

  141. 141.

    Harding, p. 19.

  142. 142.

    Harding, p. 20.

  143. 143.

    Betty Woodhead, “Carl Gustav Jung: A talk give at the Lodge”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 47 No. 4 (Winter 1973), p. 125.

  144. 144.

    Heleus, p. 13.

  145. 145.

    Arthur Gauntlett, “The Egyptian Formulations: A lecture given to the Lodge on December 4th, 1961”, Astrology: The Astrologers’ Quarterly Vol. 40 No. 1, March–May 1966, p. 8.

  146. 146.

    Dennis Elwell in: Phillipson, Astrology in the Year Zero, p. 182.

  147. 147.

    All seven papers, with an introduction by Kirk Little, can be found at: http://cosmocritic.com/pdfs/Cornelius_Geoffrey_Oslo_and_Moment.pdf (checked 5th March 2023). This is the only source for the Oslo paper. The six “Moment” articles were published in Astrology—the Astrologers’ Quarterly as follows: Part 1: Vol. 57 No. 3—Autumn 1983, pp. 97–112; Part 2: Vol. 57 No. 4—Winter 1983/4, pp. 140–150; Part 3: Vol. 58 No. 1—Spring 1984, pp. 14–24; Part 4: Vol. 58 No. 2—Summer 1984, pp. 85–95; Part 5: Vol. 59 No. 1—Spring 1985, pp. 42–49; Part 6: Vol. 59 No. 4—Winter 1985/6, pp. 207–221.

  148. 148.

    Geoffrey Cornelius, The Moment of Astrology: Origins in Divination (London: Arkana/Penguin, 1994; 2nd edition Bournemouth, Wessex Astrologer, 2003).

  149. 149.

    Cornelius, Astrology and Divination, p. 1. Original emphases.

  150. 150.

    Cornelius, Astrology and Divination, p. 3.

  151. 151.

    Geoffrey Cornelius, “Is Astrology Divination and Does it Matter?” (2000) http://cosmocritic.com/pdfs/Cornelius_Geoffrey_Is_Astrology_Divination.pdf . Delivered as a lecture at the United Astrology Congress, Atlanta, GA, 22nd May 1998; revised version published in The Mountain Astrologer (Issue 81: Oct–Nov 1998), pp. 38–45; published with further minor revisions on the CURA website in 2000—this is the version quoted from.

  152. 152.

    Cornelius, Moment of Astrology, p. 103; p. 95 in 2nd edn.

  153. 153.

    Taylor, Secular Age, p. 61.

  154. 154.

    Taylor, Secular Age, p. 27.

  155. 155.

    Lindsay Radermacher, “The Role of Dialogue in Astrological Divination” (MPhil dissertation, University of Kent, 2011), at http://www.cosmocritic.com/pdfs/Radermacher_Lindsay_Dialogue_in_Astrological_Divination.pdf [accessed 20th March 2023].

  156. 156.

    Patrick Curry, “Astrology and the Re-enchantment of the World (Carter Memorial Lecture 2004)”, Astrology Quarterly Vol. 75 No. 1 (Winter 2004/5), p. 30. Original emphasis.

  157. 157.

    Bruno Latour, Catherine Porter (tr.), We Have Never Been Modern (London: Prentice Hall, 1993), p. 47.

  158. 158.

    Josephson-Storm, p. 3.

  159. 159.

    Georges Bataille, Michael Richardson (tr.), The Absence of Myth: Writings on Surrealism (London, Verso, 1994), p. 48. Josephson-Storm uses this quotation as the epigraph to his book; I confess to borrowing it.

  160. 160.

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Phillipson, G. (2023). Astrology, Modernity, and the Disputed Nature of Self. In: Burns, W. (eds) Astrology and Western Society from the First World War to Covid-19. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40486-3_2

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