Abstract
What does anti-racist community-engaged research look like? To answer this question, we use a Critical Race Theory lens to produce a working definition: Anti-racist community-engaged research decolonizes knowledge production through participation of groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interests, or similar situations working to actively change and/or dismantle the intersectional, interlocking oppressive systems that affect well-being. Against the backdrop of historical trauma in the fields of health and social sciences and continued oppressive practices, we detail how research has been abused as a tool of white supremacy and colonialist violence. We propose that while there is no checklist to determine what is or is not anti-racist community-engaged research, it can be characterized by four principles. Anti-racist community-engaged research is grounded in a socio-ecological perspective, centers intersectionality, is emancipatory, and strives to be decolonial in both research practice and outcomes. We conclude by proposing several reflection questions for researchers aimed at improving anti-racist, community-engaged research practice.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abel, E. K. (2004). ‘Only the best class of immigration’: Public health policy toward Mexicans and Filipinos in Los Angeles, 1910–1940. American Journal of Public Health, 94(6), 932–939. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.6.932
Abrams, J. A., Tabaac, A., Jung, S., & Else-Quest, N. M. (2020). Considerations for employing intersectionality in qualitative health research. Social Science and Medicine, 258(June), 113138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113138
Agénor, M. (2020). Future directions for incorporating intersectionality into quantitative population health research. American Journal of Public Health, 110(6), 803–806. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305610
Alexander-Floyd, N. G. (2012). Disappearing acts: reclaiming intersectionality in the social sciences in a post-Black feminist era. Feminist Formations, 24(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2012.0003
Alhasan, D. M., Gaston, S. A., Braxton Jackson, W., Williams, P. C., Kawachi, I., & Jackson, C. L. (2020). Neighborhood social cohesion and sleep health by age, sex/gender, and race/ethnicity in the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249475
Bailey, Z. D., Krieger, N., Agénor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N., & Bassett, M. T. (2017). Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and interventions. The Lancet, 389(10077), 1453–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X
Balls-Berry, J. E., & Acosta-Pérez, E. (2017). The use of community engaged research principles to improve health: Community academic partnerships for research. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 36(2), 84–85.
Balsam, K. F., Molina, Y., Beadnell, B., Simoni, J., & Walters, K. (2011). Measuring multiple minority stress: The LGBT people of color microaggressions scale. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17(2), 163.
Bastos, J. L., Celeste, R. K., Faerstein, E., & Barros, A. J. D. (2010). Racial discrimination and health: A systematic review of scales with a focus on their psychometric properties. Social Science and Medicine, 70(7), 1091–1099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.020
Bauer, G. R. (2014). Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Social Science and Medicine, 110, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.022
Boonzaier, F., & van Nieker, T. (eds). (2019). Decolonial feminist community psychology. Springer.
Bowleg, L. (2012). The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality-an important theoretical framework for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 102(7), 1267–1273. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300750
Bowleg, L., & Bauer, G. (2016). Invited reflection: Quantifying intersectionality. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(3), 337–341.
Boyd, R. W., Lindo, E. G., Weeks, L. D., & McLemore, M. R. (2020). On racism: A new standard for publishing on racial health inequities. Health Affairs Blog, 10. https://doi.org/10.1377/hblog20200630.939347
Brayboy, B. M., Gough, H. R., Leonard, B., Roehl, R. F., & Solyom, J. A. (2012). Reclaiming scholarship: Critical Indigenous research methodologies. Qualitative research: An introduction to methods and designs (pp. 423–450).
Brewer, R., & Heitzeg, N. (2008). The racialization of crime and punishment. American Behavioral Scientist. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315697475-6
Brophy, A. L. (2016). University, court, and slave: Pro-slavery thought in Southern colleges and courts and the coming of civil war. Oxford University Press.
Brown, K. S., Kijakazi, K., Runes, C., & Turner, M. A. (2019). Confronting structural racism in research and policy analysis. Urban Institute, 1–16.
Buchanan, N. C. T., & Wiklund, L. O. (2021). Intersectionality research in psychological science: Resisting the tendency to disconnect, dilute, and depoliticize. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(1), 25–31.
Buchanan, N. C. T., Rios, D., & Case, K. A. (2020). Intersectional cultural humility: Aligning critical inquiry with critical praxis in psychology. Women & Therapy, 43(3–4), 235–243.
Bullough, R. V., & Pinnegar, S. (2001). Guidelines for quality in autobiographical forms of self-study research. Educational Researcher, 30(3), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X030003013
Case, A. D. (2017). Reflexivity in counterspaces fieldwork. American Journal of Community Psychology, 60(3–4), 398–405.
Chicago Beyond. (2019). Why am I always being researched?, 1–112.
Clarke, A. R., Goddu, A. P., Nocon, R. S., Stock, N. W., Chyr, L. C., Akuoko, J. A. S., & Chin, M. H. (2013). Thirty years of disparities intervention research. Medical Care, 51(11), 1020–1026. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182a97ba3
Cole, E. R. (2009). Intersectionality and research in psychology. American Psychologist, 64(3), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014564
Coleman, B. R., Bonam, C. M., & Yantis, C. (2019). I thought ghettos just happened: White Americans’ responses to learning about place-based critical history. History and collective memory from the margins: A global perspective (pp. 207–228)..
Collins, P. H., & Bilge, S. (2020). Intersectionality. Wiley.
Collins, S. E., Clifasefi, S. L., Stanton, J., The LEAP Advisory Board, Straits, K. J. E., Gil-Kashiwabara, E., Espinosa, P. R., et al. (2018). Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR): Towards equitable involvement of community in psychology research. American Psychologist, 73(7), 884–898. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000167
Combahee River Collective. (1977). A Black feminist statement.
Corburn, J. (2007). Our roots American urban planning. Urban Affairs Review, 688–713.
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139.
Crenshaw, K. (2016). The urgency of intersectionality. Ted conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/kimberle_crenshaw_the_urgency_of_intersectionality?language=en
Crenshaw, K., Gotanda, N., Peller, G., & Thomas, K. (1995). Critical race theory. In The key writings that formed the movement (pp. 276–291).
Dancis, J., & Coleman, B. R. (2022). Transformative dissonant encounters: Opportunities for cultivating antiracism in White nursing students. Nursing Inquiry, 29(1), e12447.
Daza, S. L., & Tuck, E. (2014). De/colonizing, (Post)(Anti)colonial, and indigenous education, studies, and theories. Educational Studies, 50(4), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2014.929918
Decorby-Watson, K., Mensah, G., Bergeron, K., Abdi, S., Rempel, B., & Manson, H. (2018). Effectiveness of capacity building interventions relevant to public health practice: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5591-6
Dei, G. J. S., & Lordan, M. (2016). Anti-colonial theory and decolonial praxis. Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.
Democracy Now. (n.d.). Shackles and Ivy: The secret history of how slavery helped build America’s elite colleges.
Dill, B. T., & Kohlman, M. H. (2021). Intersectionality: A transformative paradigm in feminist theory and social justice. In S. N. Hesse-Biber (Ed.), The handbook of feminist research: Theory and praxis (pp. 154–174). Sage.
Doll, K. M., Snyder, C. R., & Ford, C. L. (2018). Endometrial cancer disparities: A race-conscious critique of the literature. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218(5), 474–482.
Dzidic, P., & Bishop, B. (2017). How do our values inform ethical research? A narrative of recognizing colonizing practices. American Journal of Community Psychology, 60(3–4), 346–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12197
Ellis, C., Adams, T. E., & Bochner, A. P. (2011). Autoethnography: An overview.
Else-Quest, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2016). Intersectionality in quantitative psychological research: I. Theoretical and epistemological issues. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 155–170.
Fine, M. (2013). Echoes of bedford: A 20-year social psychology memoir on participatory action research hatched behind bars. American Psychologist, 68(8), 687.
Fine, M., & Ruglis, J. (2009). Circuits and consequences of dispossession: The racialized realignment of the public sphere for U.S. youth. Transforming Anthropology, 17(1), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-7466.2009.01037.x
Ford, C. L., & Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (2018). Commentary: Just what is critical race theory and what’s it doing in a progressive field like public health? Ethnicity and Disease, 28, 223–230. https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.S1.223
Ford, C. L., & Harawa, N. T. (2010). A new conceptualization of ethnicity for social epidemiologic and health equity research. Social Science & Medicine, 71(2), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.008
Galan, C. A., Bekele, B. M., Boness, C. L., Bowdring, M. A., Call, C. C., Hails, K., McPhee, J., et al. (2020). A call to action for an antiracist clinical science. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 50(1), 12–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2020.1860066
Garcia, N. M., López, N., & Vélez, V. N. (2018). QuantCrit: Rectifying quantitative methods through critical race theory. Race Ethnicity and Education, 21(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2017.1377675
Gaudry, A. J. (2011). Insurgent research. Wicazo Sa Review, 26(1), 113–136.
Gilbert, K. L., & Ray, R. (2016). Why police kill Black males with impunity: Applying Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) to address the determinants of policing behaviors and ‘justifiable’ homicides in the USA. Journal of Urban Health, 93(1), 122–140.
Gillborn, D., Warmington, P., & Demack, S. (2018). QuantCrit: Education, policy, ‘big data’ and principles for a critical race theory of statistics. Race Ethnicity and Education, 21(2), 158–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2017.1377417
Gordon-Larsen, P. (2006). Inequality in the built environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity and obesity. Pediatrics, 117(2), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0058
Greenwood, D. J., & Levin, M. (1998). Action research, science, and the co-optation of social research. Studies in Cultures, Organizations and Societies, 4(2), 237–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/10245289808523514
Grzanka, P. R. (2020). From buzzword to critical psychology: An invitation to take intersectionality seriously from buzzword to critical psychology (p. 3149). https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2020.1729473
Hancock, A. M. (2007). When multiplication doesn’t equal quick addition: Examining intersectionality as a research paradigm. Perspectives on Politics, 5(1), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592707070065
Hankivsky, O. (2012). Women’s health, men’s health, and gender and health: Implications of intersectionality. Social Science and Medicine, 74(11), 1712–1720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.029
Haozous, E. A., Strickland, C. J., Palacios, J. F., & Arambula Solomon, T. G. (2014). Blood politics, ethnic identity, and racial misclassification among American Indians and Alaska natives. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/321604
Hardeman, R. R., & Karbeah, J.’. M. (2020). Examining racism in health services research: A disciplinary self-critique. Health Services Research, 55(S2), 777–780. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13558
Hardeman, R. R., Medina, E. M., & Kozhimannil, K. B. (2016). Structural racism and supporting Black lives – The role of health profesesionals. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(22), 2113–2115.
Hartman, S. V. (1997). Innocent amusements: The stage of sufferance. In Scenes of subjection: Terror, slavery, and self-making in nineteenth-century America (pp. 17–48).
Helms, J. E., Jernigan, M., & Mascher, J. (2005). The meaning of race in psychology and how to change it: A methodological perspective. American Psychologist, 60(1), 27.
hooks, b. (1981). Ain’t I a woman: Black women and feminism. Routledge.
Horne, G. (2020). The dawning of the apocalypse: The roots of slavery, White supremacy, settler colonialism, and capitalism in the long sixteenth century. Monthly Review Press.
Illinois, Unviersity of. (2018). Office of the chancellor: Land acknowledgement statement. https://chancellor.illinois.edu/land_acknowledgement.html
Janes, J. E. (2016). Democratic encounters? Epistemic privilege, power, and community-based participatory action research. Action Research, 14(1), 72–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750315579129
Kagawa Singer, M., Dressler, W., George, S., Baquet, C. R., Bell, R. A., Burhansstipanov, L., Burke, N. J., et al. (2016). Culture: The missing link in health research. Social Science and Medicine, 170, 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.015
Kaufman, J. S. (2008). Epidemiologic analysis of racial/ethnic disparities: Some fundamental issues and a cautionary example. Social Science and Medicine, 66(8), 1659–1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.046
Kelley, A., Belcourt-Dittloff, A., Belcourt, C., & Belcourt, G. (2013). Research ethics and indigenous communities. American Journal of Public Health, 103(12), 2146–2152.
Kendall, E., Muenchberger, H., Sunderland, N., Harris, M., & Cowan, D. (2012). Collaborative capacity building in complex community-based health partnerships: A model for translating knowledge into action. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 18(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0b013e31823a815c
Kendi, I. X. (2019). How to be an antiracist. One world.
Koster, R., Baccar, K., & Lemelin, R. H. (2012). Moving from research on, to research with and for Indigenous communities: A critical reflection on community‐based participatory research. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 56(2), 195–210.
Lensmire, T. J., McManimon, S. K., Tierney, J. D., Lee-Nichols, M. E., Casey, Z. A., Lensmire, A., & Davis, B. M. (2013). McIntosh as synecdoche: How teacher education’s focus on white privilege undermines antiracism. Harvard Educational Review, 83(3), 410–432.
Lewontin, R. C. (2005). The fallacy of racial medicine: Confusions about human races. Genewatch: A Bulletin of the Committee for Responsible Genetics, 18(4), 5–7.
Loomba, A. (2015). Colonialism/postcolonialism. Routledge.
Lykes, M. B., Lloyd, C. R., & Nicholson, K. M. (2018). Participatory and action research within and beyond the academy: Contesting racism through decolonial praxis and teaching ‘against the grain. American Journal of Community Psychology, 62(3–4), 406–418. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12290
Marx, G. (1997, March 12). Opposition brewing to UIC expansion. Chicago Tribune.
Matsui, E. C., Perry, T. T., & Adamson, A. S. (2020). An antiracist framework for racial and ethnic health disparities research. Pediatrics, 146(6), e2020018572. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-018572
McClure, E. S., Vasudevan, P., Bailey, Z., Patel, S., & Robinson, W. R. (2020). Racial capitalism within public health-how occupational settings drive Covid-19 disparities. American Journal of Epidemiology, 189(11), 1244–1253. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa126
McKnight, J. L., & Kretzmann, J. P. (2012). Mapping community capacity. In M. Minkler (Ed.), Community organizing and community building for health & welfare (pp. 171–186). Rutgers University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_102372
Memmi, A. (2013). The colonizer and the colonized. Routledge.
Merriam-Webster. (2021). Emancipate. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/emancipate
Minkler, M. (2012). Community organizing and community building for health and welfare. Rutgers University Press.
Moradi, B., & Grzanka, P. R. (2017). Using intersectionality responsibly: Toward critical epistemology, structural analysis, and social justice activism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(5), 500.
Morgan, M. A. (2006). Community engagement in public health.
Morton Ninomiya, M. E., & Pollock, N. J. (2017). Reconciling community-based indigenous research and academic practices: Knowing principles is not always enough. Social Science and Medicine, 172, 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.007
Neblett, E. W. (2019). Racism and health: Challenges and future directions in behavioral and psychological research. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 25(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000253
Nowell, B., & Harrison, L. M. O. (2011). Leading change through collaborative partnerships: A profile of leadership and capacity among local public health leaders. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2011.530162
Obasogie, O. K. (2013). Foreword: critical race theory and empirical methods. UC Irvine Law Review, 3(2), 183–186.
Office of Extramural Research. (2001). NIH policy on reporting race and ethnicity data: Subjects in clinical research. National Institutes of Health.
Patel, L. (Leigh). (2014). Countering coloniality in educational research: From ownership to answerability. Educational Studies, 50(4), 357–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2014.924942
Paul-Emile, K. (2014). Critical race theory and empirical methods conference. Fordham Law Review, 83, 2953.
Perez-Rodriguez, J., & de la Fuente, A. (2017). Now is the time for a postracial medicine: Biomedical research, the National Institutes of Health, and the perpetuation of scientific racism. American Journal of Bioethics, 17(9), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2017.1353165
Public Science Project. 2021. Youth Justice Research Collaborative. https://publicscienceproject.org/youth-justice-research-collabortaive/
Ratele, K., & Malherbe, N. (2020). What antiracist psychology does and does not (do). South Africa Journal of Psychology, 50(3), 296–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246320947361
Riddell, J. K., Salamanca, A., Pepler, D. J., Cardinal, S., & McIvor, O. (2017). Laying the groundwork: A practical guide for ethical research with Indigenous communities. The International Indigenous Policy Journal, 8(2).
Rosenberg, M., Ranapurwala, S. I., Townes, A., & Bengtson, A. M. (2017). Do black lives matter in public health research and training? Plos one, 12(10), e0185957.
Sabati, S. (2019). Upholding ‘colonial unknowing’ through the IRB: Reframing institutional research ethics. Qualitative Inquiry, 25(9–10), 1056–1064. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800418787214
Silva, D. F. D. (2007). Toward a global idea of race (Vol. 27). University of Minnesota Press.
Singh, S., Granski, M., del Pilar Victoria, M., & Javdani, S. (2018). The praxis of decoloniality in researcher training and community-based data collection. American Journal of Community Psychology, 62(3–4), 385–395. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12294
Smith, L.T. (2018). Indigenous insight on valuing complexity, sustaining relationships, being accountable. In Tackling wicked problems in complex ecologies: The role of evaluation (pp.45-66). Stanford University Press.
Stern, J. A., Barbarin, O., Cassidy, J., & Stern, J. A. (2021). Attachment & human development working toward anti-racist perspectives in attachment theory, research, and practice. Attachment & Human Development, 00(00), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933
Stolley, P. D. (1999). Race in epidemiology. International Journal of Health Services, 29(4), 905–909.
Suzuki, S., Morris, S. L., & Johnson, S. K. (2021). Using QuantCrit to advance an anti-racist developmental science: applications to mixture modeling. https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211028229
Taylor, K. Y. (Ed.). (2017). How we get free: Black feminism and the Combahee River Collective. Haymarket Books.
Tuck, E., & Yang, K. W. (2012). Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society, 1(1), 1–40.
University of Illinois Chicago. (2016). Permanent campus site selection, 1958–1963. UIC History Exhibition.
Wallerstein, N., Duran, B., Oetzel, J. G., & Minkler, M. (2017). Community-based participatory research for health: Advancing social and health equity. Wiley.
Ward, J. B., Gartner, D. R., Keyes, K. M., Fliss, M. D., McClure, E. S., & Robinson, W. R. (2019). How do we assess a racial disparity in health? Distribution, interaction, and interpretation in epidemiological studies. Annals of Epidemiology, 29, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.09.007
Washington, H. A. (2006). Medical apartheid: The dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present. Doubleday Books.
Wilder, C. S. (2014). Ebony & Ivy: Race, slavery, and the troubled history of America’s universities. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2013). Racism and health I: Pathways and scientific evidence. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(8), 1152–1173.
Zakocs, R. C., & Edwards, E. M. (2006). What explains community coalition effectiveness? A review of the literature. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(4), 351–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.004
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grant, A., DaViera, A.L. (2023). Beyond Good Intentions: Principles for Anti-racist Community-Engaged Research. In: Anderson, E.E. (eds) Ethical Issues in Community and Patient Stakeholder–Engaged Health Research. Philosophy and Medicine, vol 146. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40379-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40379-8_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-40378-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-40379-8
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)