Abstract
The Keystone concept emphasizes the role of the dermatome precincts and the intrinsic neuro-cutaneous vascular supply of the human skin. These flaps are robust all over the body and vascular complications are rare in most loco-regional repairs. However, in diabetics type II and the immunocompromised, sometimes vascular complications occur with tight closures. The 3-phase technique of sutures simplifies repair in spite of elements of tension existing in wound margin apposition. Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels follow nerves, so the Keystones are based on random multiple arterial perforators which may require dissection, their venae comitantes and the fine vascular networks that accompany nerves, all within the dermatomal mark outs an embryological observation and characteristic. The Keystone is a very straightforward flap to raise quickly, safely and will often avoid the need for more complex, time-consuming, risky and more expensive methods of repair. In this Atlas ranging from head to toe all feature singularly or collectively Keystone closure characteristics of P.A.C.E.S. and have achieved a sound and reliable repair are featured.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Behan et al. Vascular basis of laterally based forehead island flaps and their clinical applications. In: Transactions of the 2nd Congress of the European Section of the International Confederation of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Madrid, The Angiotome concept, 1973
Behan FC. Dashboard dislocations. Br J Hosp Med. 1937;1(9):363.
Behan FC, et al. Reconstruction of plantar pad after degloving injury of foot. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1973;137(6):971–4.
Behan F, et al. Subungual malignant melanoma difficulty in diagnosis. Br Med J. 1974;1(5903):310–2.
Behan FC, Wilson JSP. The principle of the angiotome a system of linked axial pattern flaps. In: Transactions of the 6th International Congress on Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Paris, 1975
Behan FC. The fascio-cutaneous Island flap: an extension of the angiotome concept. Aust N Z J Surg. 1992;62:874–86.
Behan FC, et al. Fasciocutaneous island flaps for orthopaedic management in lower limb reconstruction using dermatomal precincts. ANZ J Surg. 1994;64(3):155–66.
Behan FC, et al. Island flaps, including the Bezier type in the treatment of malignant melanoma. ANZ J Surg. 1995;65(12):870–80.
Behan FC. The Venous Island Conduit (VIC) flap for ring avulsion injuries. J Hand Surg Br Vol. 1998;23(4):465–71.
Behan FC. The keystone design perforator island flap in reconstructive surgery. ANZ J Surg. 2003;73:112–20.
Behan F, Sizeland A, Porcedu S, Somia N, Wilson J. Keystone island flap: an alternative reconstructive option to free flaps in irradiated tissue. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76:407–13.
Pelissier P, Santoul M, Pinsolle V, Casoli V, Behan F. The keystone design perforator island flap: Part I. Anatomic study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2007;60:883–7. Bordeaux, France
Behan F. Evolution of the fascio-cutaneous island flap leading to the keystone flap principle in lower limb reconstruction. ANZ J Surg. 2008;78:116–7.
Behan FC, Lo CH, Ramin S. Perforator territory of the keystone flap—use of the dermatomal roadmap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2008.08.078.
Behan FC, Lo CH, Shayan R. Perforator territory of the keystone flap: use of the dermatomal roadmap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62:551–3.
Behan F, Sizeland A, Gilmour F, Hui A, Seel M, Lo CH. Use of the keystone island flap for advanced head and neck cancer in the elderly—a principle of amelioration. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63:739–45.
Behan FC, Rozen WM, Tan S. Yin-Yang flaps: the mathematics of two keystone island flaps for reconstructing increasingly large defects. ANZ J Surg. 2011;81:574–5.
Behan FC, Rozen WM, Lo CH, Findlay M. The Omega—Ω—variant designs (types A and B) of the keystone perforator island flap. ANZ J Surg. 2011;81:650–2.
Behan F, Findlay M, Lo CH. The keystone perforator island flap concept. Sydney, Australia: Elsevier Textbook Churchill Livingstone; 2012.
Behan FC, Rozen WM, Azer S, Gran P. Perineal keystone design perforator island flap for perineal and vulval reconstruction. ANZ J Surg. 2012;82:381–2.
Behan FC, Paddle A, Rozen WM, et al. Quadriceps keystone island flap for radical inguinal lymphadenectomy. ANZ J Surg. 2013;83:942–7.
Shayan R, Behan FC. Re: The keystone concept: time for some science. ANZ J Surg. 2013;83:499–500.
Behan F. Surgical tips and skills illustrating the keystone principle. Sydney, Australia: Elsevier Textbook Churchill Livingstone; 2014.
Klaassen MF, Brown E, Behan F. Simply local flaps. Cham: Springer; 2016. Chapter 11
Lo C, et al. Keystone island flap effects of islanding on vascularity plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global Open. 2016;4(2):e617. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000000607.
Behan FC. Keystone perforator island flap: a clinical summary of 28 melanoma cases. Aust J Plast Surg. 2018; https://doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v1i1.66.
Behan FC. A Keystone solution for major head and neck reconstructions. Aust J Plast Surg. 2019; https://doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v2n2.154.
Behan FC. Dupuytren’s disease: modified keystone techniques to improve vascular dynamics in fasciectomy. Aust J Plast Surg. 2019; https://doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v2i1.134.
Rodriguez-Unda N, Abraham J, Saint-Cyr M. Keystone and perforator flaps in reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg. 2020;47(4):635–48. Elsevier
Potet P, De Bonnecaze G, Chabrillac E, Dupret-Bories A, Vergez S, Chaput B. Closure of radial forearm free flap donor site: a comparative study between keystone flap and skin graft. Wiley Head Neck 2020;42:217–223. Toulouse, France
Behan FC, Sizeland A. Keystone perforator island flaps in major head and neck surgery—the P.A.C.E. perspectives. World J Surg Surg Res. 2021;4:1293.
Behan FC. Keystone perforator island flap in lower limb reconstruction. Aust J Plastic Surg. 2021;4(2):105–7. https://doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v4n2.341. Audio visual presentation
Behan FC. A simple solution to mallet deformities—a patient’s perspective. Aust J Plast Surg. 2022;
Behan FC, In association with Klaassen M. and Burton I. Atlas of extreme facial cancer, challenges and solutions: keystone flap concepts. Springer Nature; 2022.
Behan FC. Part D: The keystone perforator island flap. In: Blondeel M, Neligan H, editors. Perforator flaps: anatomy, technique, & clinical applications. 3rd ed. New York: Thieme Publishers; 2022. (in press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Behan, F. (2023). Conclusion/Summary. In: Atlas of Keystone Reconstructive Technique in Melanoma Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39868-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39868-1_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-39867-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-39868-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)