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HIV Infection

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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) changed the way society views infection and disease transmission. AIDS is defined as when a person living with HIV has a CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3, or CD4 cells as less than 14% of their total lymphocyte population, or if they contract an opportunistic infection categorized as an AIDS-defining illness. While previously an illness that resulted in untimely death, advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have led to successful HIV management and a gracefully aging population. Developments such as injectable therapy and new regimens for pre-exposure prophylaxis continue to change the field.

HIV care has become increasingly complex and many fellowships offer specialized tracks or even additional subspecialty training in HIV medicine. With the success of ART, most HIV care takes place in the outpatient setting in today’s practice. However, there are still important consult questions on inpatient services, especially during new diagnosis. In this chapter, we will discuss HIV diagnostics, management of acute HIV in the hospitalized setting, newer ART options, interpretation of CD4 cell counts, and management of a few representative coinfections.

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    Alexander M. Tatara

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Tatara, A.M. (2023). HIV Infection. In: The Infectious Diseases Consult Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39474-4_7

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