Abstract
The paper presents the results of preliminary tests of a newly proposed Fiber Reinforced Polyurethane (FRPU) composite system with mineral interlayer for strengthening of heritage structures in seismic areas. The analyzed FRPU system consisted of strips of an unidirectional textile of Ultra High Tensile Strength Steel (UHTSS) cords embedded in a two-component highly deformable polyurethane. In the tests a layer of composite was applied to clay bricks covered with 6 mm-thick layer of hardened mortar. In this research two types of mortars were considered: a lime-based mortar and a cement-base one. The specimens were tested in a single lap shear test (SLST). The presence of mineral interlayer resulted in reduction in shear bond strength of the composite to brick when compared to reference specimens without mortar layer. The tests results indicated that the use of mortar layer did not significantly modify shear stiffness of the connection between the FRPU strengthening system and clay brick substrate. The results of the tests shown that the tested strengthening system seems to be an effective and reversible solution for strengthening of heritage masonry structures.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
De Santis, S., de Felice, G.: Steel reinforced grout systems for the strengthening of masonry structures. Compos. Struct. 134, 533–548 (2015)
Valluzzi, M.R., et al.: Round Robin Test for composite-to-brick shear bond characterization. Mater. Struct. 45, 1761–1791 (2012)
Valluzzi, M.R., Modena, C., de Felice, G.: Current practice and open issues in strengthening historical buildings with composites. Mater. Struct. 47(12), 1971–1985 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0359-7
Tedeschi, C., Kwiecień, A., Valluzzi, M.R., Binda, L., Zając, B.: Effect of thermal ageing and salt decay on bond between FRP and masonry. Adv. Compos. Appl. Masonry, Thematic Issue. Mater. Struct. 47, 2051–2065 (2014)
de Felice, G., et al.: Mortar-based systems for externally bonded strengthening of masonry. Mater. Struct. 47(12), 2021–2037 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0360-1
De Santis, S., et al.: Round Robin Test on tensile and bond behaviour of Steel Reinforced Grout systems. Compos Part B-Eng. 127, 100–120 (2017)
de Felice, G., et al.: Recommendation of RILEM technical committee 250-CSM: test method for textile reinforced mortar to substrate bond characterization. Mater. Struct. 51(4), 1–9 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1216-x
de Felice, G., et al.: Experimental characterization of composite-to-brick masonry shear bond. Mater. Struct. 49(7), 2581–2596 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0669-4
Napoli, A., de Felice, G., De Santis, S., Realfonzo, R.: Bond behaviour of steel reinforced polymer strengthening systems. Compos. Struct. 152, 499–515 (2016)
Bellini, A., Aiello, M.A., Bencardino, F., et al.: Influence of different set-up parameters on the bond behavior of FRCM composites. Constr. Build. Mater. 308(15), 124964 (2021)
Rizzo, V., Bonati, A., Micelli, F., Leone, M., Aiello, M.A.: Influence of alkaline environments on the mechanical properties of FRCM/CRM and their materials, Key Engineering Materials. In: 6th International Conference on Mechanics of Masonry Structures Strengthened with Composite Materials, vol. 817, pp. 195–201. MuRiCo6, Bologna, Italy (2019)
Fares, S., Fugger, R., De Santis, S., de Felice, G.: Durability of stainless-steel reinforced grout against salt attack. Key Eng. Mater. 916, 43–49 (2022)
Fares, S., Fugger, R., De Santis, S., de Felice, G.: Strength, bond and durability of stainless steel reinforced grout. Constr. Build. Mater. 322(1), 126465 (2022)
Ghiassi, B.: Mechanics and durability of textile reinforced mortars: a review of recent advances and open issues. RILEM Tech. Lett. 4, 130–137 (2019)
Dalalbashi, A., De Santis, S., Ghiassi, B., Oliveira, D.V.: Cyclic load effects on the bond behavior of textile reinforced mortar (TRM) composites. Key Eng. Mater. 916, 74–81 (2022)
De Santis, S., et al.: Low-impact techniques for seismic strengthening fair faced masonry walls. Constr. Build. Mater. 307, 124962 (2021)
Fares, S., Fugger, R., De Santis, S., de Felice, G.: Tensile and pull-out behavior of steel reinforced grout connectors. Key Eng. Mater. 919, 72–79 (2022)
Akyildiz, A.T., Kwiecień, A., Zając, B., Triller, P., Bohinc, U., Rousakis, T., Viskovic, A.: Preliminary in-plane shear test of infills protected by PUFJ interfaces. In: Brick and Block Masonry – From Historical to Sustainable Masonry, Leiden: CRC Press/Balkema. 17th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference (17th IB2MaC 2020), Kraków, Poland, pp. 968–975 (2020)
Hojdys, Ł, et al.: Quick repair of damaged infill walls with externally bonded FRPU Composites: shake table tests. ASCE J. Compos. Constr. 27(1), 1–22 (2023)
Kwiecień, A., et al.: PUFJ and FRPU earthquake protection of infills tested in resonance. In: 1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering 1CroCEE, Zagreb, Croatia, pp. 465–475 (2021)
Lasowicz, N., Kwiecień, A., Jankowski, R.: Experimental study on the effectiveness of polyurethane flexible adhesive in reduction of structural vibrations. Polymers 12(10), 2364 (2020)
Kwiecień, A., Rodacki, K., Zając, B., Kozik, T.: Mechanical behaviour of polyurethane to timber joints in repair aspect of historical timber structures. In: Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: An Interdisciplinary Approach. RILEM Bookseries. SAHC’2018 Cusco, Peru, pp. 1603–1612 (2019)
Ceroni, F., et al.: The role of adhesive stiffness on the FRP-masonry bond behavior: a round robin initiative. In: Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions : Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, SAHC 2016, CRC Press/Balkema, Leuven, Belgium, pp. 1061–1068 (2016)
Kwiecień, A., Krajewski, P., Hojdys, Ł, Tekieli, M., Słoński, M.: Flexible adhesive in composite-to-brick strengthening—experimental and numerical study. Polymers 10(4), 356 (2018)
Kwiecień, A., et al.: Repair of composite-to-masonry bond using flexible matrix. Mater. Struct. 49(7), 2563–2580 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0668-5
Zajac, B., Kwiecien, A.: Thermal compatibility of rigid and flexible adhesives to substrates of historical structures. In: Aguilar, R., Torrealva, D., Moreira, S., Pando, M.A., Ramos, L.F. (eds.) Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. RB, vol. 18, pp. 1868–1877. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_200
Kwiecień, A., Gams, M., Viskovic, A., Zając, B.: Temporary and removable quick seismic protection of weak masonry structures using highly deformable adhesives. In: Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, SAHC 2016, Leiden pp. 1528–1535. CRC Press/Balkema, Leuven, Belgium (2016)
Garbin, E., Kwiecień, A., Panizza, M., Zając, B., Nardon, F., Valluzzi, M.R.: Testing of bond solutions for UHTS steel strand composites applied to extruded bricks. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference, Padova, Italy, pp. 395–402. CRC Press (2016)
Kwiecień, K., Kwiecień, A., Stryszewska, T., Szumera, M., Dudek, M.: Durability of PS-polyurethane dedicated for composite strengthening applications in masonry and concrete structures. Polymers 12(2830), 1–16 (2020)
De Santis, S., et al.: Durability of steel reinforced polyurethane-to-substrate bond. Compos. B 153, 194–204 (2018)
EN 12190:1998 – Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures – Test methods – Determination of compressive strength of repair mortar, CEN (European Committee for Standardization), Brussels, Belgium (1998)
Kwiecień, A., Hebel, D.E., Wielopolski, M., Javadian, A., Heisel, F.: Bamboo fibre reinforced polymers as highly flexible reinforcement of masonry structures in seismic areas. In: 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015) Joint Conference, Nanjing, China (2015)
Rousakis, T., Ilki, A., Kwiecień, A., Viskovic, A., Gams, M., Triller, P., et al.: Deformable polyurethane joints and fibre grids for resilient seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames with Orthoblock brick infills. Polymers 12, 2869 (2020)
Acknowledgements
Authors acknowledge help of companies: Kerakoll SpA (Sassuolo, Italy) provided the steel textiles, FlexAndRobust Systems Sp. z o.o. (Kraków, Poland) provided the polyurethane PS matrix, San Marco (Terreal, Italy) supplied clay bricks. The technical support of Mr. Stanislaw Kańka for the laboratory tests in Cracow University of Technology is kindly acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kwiecień, A., Hojdys, Ł., Krajewski, P., Tekieli, M. (2024). FRPU Composite Protection of Masonry with Reversible Mineral Interlayer. In: Endo, Y., Hanazato, T. (eds) Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. SAHC 2023. RILEM Bookseries, vol 46. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39450-8_71
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39450-8_71
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-39449-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-39450-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)