Skip to main content

Single-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP and Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Analytic Hierarchy Process with Fuzzy Sets Extensions

Abstract

Intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) is one of the fuzzy approaches that better responds to environmental uncertainty taking into account the two concepts of membership and non-membership functions. IF approach is defined in two ways: ordinary IF and interval-valued IF (IVIF). In this chapter, an attempt is made to use these two approaches in evaluating the weight of criteria using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This can help researchers to consider the importance of each index more carefully; and the obtained results can also better respond to environmental uncertainty. Accordingly, linguistic variables of IF and IVIF were used to form the pairwise comparison matrix. Also, the calculations of different sections of this chapter were performed using IF and IVIF operators. Finally, the importance of product assessment criteria from customers’ point of view was evaluated using the IF-AHP and IVIF-AHP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Acar ÖE, Köylüoğlu AS (2020) Sürdürülebilir tedarikçi seçiminin analitik hiyerarşi prosesi (AHP) yöntemiyle analizi. Third Sect Soc Econ Rev 55(1):419–440

    Google Scholar 

  2. Akkaya G, Turanoğlu B, Öztaş S (2015) An integrated fuzzy AHP and fuzzy MOORA approach to the problem of industrial engineering sector choosing. Expert Syst Appl 42(24):9565–9573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Alimohammadlou M, Alinejad S (2023) Challenges of blockchain implementation in SMEs’ supply chains: an integrated IT2F-BWM and IT2F-DEMATEL method. Electron Commer Res 1–43

    Google Scholar 

  4. Alimohammadlou M, Khoshsepehr Z (2022) Investigating organizational sustainable development through an integrated method of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP and WASPAS. Environ Dev Sustain 24(2):2193–2224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Alinezad A, Seif A, Esfandiari N (2013) Supplier evaluation and selection with QFD and FAHP in a pharmaceutical company. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68(1):355–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ar IM, Erol I, Peker I, Ozdemir AI, Medeni TD, Medeni IT (2020) Evaluating the feasibility of blockchain in logistics operations: A decision framework. Expert Syst Appl 158:113543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Atanassov K (1999) Intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Theory Appl. Verlag, Heidelb, pp 1–137

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Atanassov K, Gargov G (1989) Interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst 31(3):343–349

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Atanassov KT (1983) Intuitionistic fuzzy sets". Paper presented at the VII ITKR's Session, Sofia, June

    Google Scholar 

  10. Atanassov KT (2012) On intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory, vol. 283. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  11. Atanassov KT, Stoeva S (1986) Intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst 20(1):87–96

    Google Scholar 

  12. Awasthi A, Govindan K, Gold S (2018) Multi-tier sustainable global supplier selection using a fuzzy AHP-VIKOR based approach. Int J Prod Econ 195:106–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ayhan MB, Kilic HS (2015) A two stage approach for supplier selection problem in multi-item/multi-supplier environment with quantity discounts. Comput Ind Eng 85:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ayyildiz E (2021) Interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-based green supply chain resilience evaluation methodology in post COVID-19 era. Environ Sci Pollut Res: 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ayyildiz E, Taskin Gumus A (2021) Pythagorean fuzzy AHP based risk assessment methodology for hazardous material transportation: An application in Istanbul. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28(27):35798–35810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bali O, Dagdeviren M, Gumus S (2015) An integrated dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy MADM approach for personnel promotion problem. Kybernetes

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bedı̇rhanoğlu B, Lezkı Ş (2018) Determining criteria affecting SME’s bank choice with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Anadolu Univ J Soc Sci 18(1):191–208

    Google Scholar 

  18. Boender CGE, De Graan JG, Lootsma F (1989) Multi-criteria decision analysis with fuzzy pairwise comparisons. Fuzzy Sets Syst 29(2):133–143

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Bozbura FT, Beskese A, Kahraman C (2007) Prioritization of human capital measurement indicators using fuzzy AHP. Expert Syst Appl 32(4):1100–1112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Buckley JJ (1985) Fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Fuzzy Sets Syst 17(3):233–247

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Büyüközkan G, Göçer F, Karabulut Y (2019) A new group decision making approach with IF AHP and IF VIKOR for selecting hazardous waste carriers. Measurement 134:66–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Büyüközkan G, Havle CA, Feyzioğlu O (2020) A new digital service quality model and its strategic analysis in aviation industry using interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP. J Air Transp Manag 86:101817

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Büyüközkan G, Havle CA, Feyzioğlu O (2021) An integrated SWOT based fuzzy AHP and fuzzy MARCOS methodology for digital transformation strategy analysis in airline industry. J Air Transp Manag 97:102142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Cebi S, Ilbahar E (2018) Warehouse risk assessment using interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP. Int J Anal Hierarchy Process 10(2)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Celik E, Akyuz E (2018) An interval type-2 fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS methods for decision-making problems in maritime transportation engineering: the case of ship loader. Ocean Eng 155:371–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Chai J, Liu JN, Ngai EW (2013) Application of decision-making techniques in supplier selection: A systematic review of literature. Expert Syst Appl 40(10):3872–3885

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Chan FT, Kumar N (2007) Global supplier development considering risk factors using fuzzy extended AHP-based approach. Omega 35(4):417–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chang DY (1996) Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP. Eur J Oper Res 95(3):649–655

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Chen X, Fang Y, Chai J, Xu Z (2022) Does intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process work better than analytic hierarchy process? Int J Fuzzy Syst 24(2):909–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Çoker D (1997) An introduction to intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. Fuzzy Sets Syst 88(1):81–89

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Dağdeviren M, Erarslan E (2008) PROMETHEE siralama yöntemi ile tedarikçi seçimi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 23(1)

    Google Scholar 

  32. De SK, Biswas R, Roy AR (2001) An application of intuitionistic fuzzy sets in medical diagnosis. Fuzzy Sets Syst 117(2):209–213

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Demirkol İ (2021) International supplier selection using AHP method. Third Sect Soc Econ Rev 56(1):353–370

    Google Scholar 

  34. Deschrijver G, Kerre EE (2003) On the composition of intuitionistic fuzzy relations. Fuzzy Sets Syst 136(3):333–361

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Dogan O, Deveci M, Canıtez F, Kahraman C (2020) A corridor selection for locating autonomous vehicles using an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS method. Soft Comput 24(12):8937–8953

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Duleba S, Alkharabsheh A, Gündoğdu FK (2022) Creating a common priority vector in intuitionistic fuzzy AHP: A comparison of entropy-based and distance-based models. Ann Oper Res 318(1):163–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Emrouznejad A, Marra M (2017) The state of the art development of AHP (1979–2017): A literature review with a social network analysis. Int J Prod Res 55(22):6653–6675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Erbaş M, Kabak M, Özceylan E, Çetinkaya C (2018) Optimal siting of electric vehicle charging stations: A GIS-based fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis. Energy 163:1017–1031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Erensal YC, Öncan T, Demircan ML (2006) Determining key capabilities in technology management using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process: A case study of Turkey. Inf Sci 176(18):2755–2770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Görener A (2009) Use of analytic network process in cutting tool supplier selection. J Aeronaut Space Technol 4(1):99–110

    Google Scholar 

  41. Hashemian SM, Behzadian M, Samizadeh R, Ignatius J (2014) A fuzzy hybrid group decision support system approach for the supplier evaluation process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 73(5):1105–1117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Herrera-Viedma E, Chiclana F, Herrera F, Alonso S (2007) Group decision-making model with incomplete fuzzy preference relations based on additive consistency. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern, Part B (Cybern) 37(1): 176–189

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ilbahar E, Kahraman C, Cebi S (2022) Risk assessment of renewable energy investments: A modified failure mode and effect analysis based on prospect theory and intuitionistic fuzzy AHP. Energy 239:121907

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Jiang Y, Tang Y, Wang J, Tang S (2009) Reasoning within intuitionistic fuzzy rough description logics. Inf Sci 179(14):2362–2378

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  45. Kahraman C (2018) A brief literature review for fuzzy AHP. Int J Anal Hierarchy Process 10(2)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Kahraman C (2021) Decision Making with Spherical Fuzzy Sets. Stud Fuzziness Soft Comput

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kahraman C, Öztayşi B, Onar SÇ (2020) An integrated intuitionistic fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS approach to evaluation of outsource manufacturers. J Intell Syst 29(1):283–297

    Google Scholar 

  48. Kar AK (2014) Revisiting the supplier selection problem: An integrated approach for group decision support. Expert Syst Appl 41(6):2762–2771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Karasan A, Erdogan M, Ilbahar E (2018) Prioritization of production strategies of a manufacturing plant by using an integrated intuitionistic fuzzy AHP & TOPSIS approach. J Enterp Inf Manag

    Google Scholar 

  50. Karaşan A, Kaya İ, Erdoğan M (2020) Location selection of electric vehicles charging stations by using a fuzzy MCDM method: A case study in Turkey. Neural Comput Appl 32(9):4553–4574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Karsak EE, Dursun M (2016) Taxonomy and review of non-deterministic analytical methods for supplier selection. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 29(3):263–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Kubler S, Robert J, Derigent W, Voisin A, Le Traon Y (2016) A state-of the-art survey & testbed of fuzzy AHP (FAHP) applications. Expert Syst Appl 65:398–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Kulak O, Kahraman C (2005) Fuzzy multi-attribute selection among transportation companies using axiomatic design and analytic hierarchy process. Inf Sci 170(2–4):191–210

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  54. Kumar D, Rahman Z, Chan FT (2017) A fuzzy AHP and fuzzy multi-objective linear programming model for order allocation in a sustainable supply chain: A case study. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 30(6):535–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Kutlu Gündoğdu F, Kahraman C (2019) Spherical fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and its application to industrial robot selection. In: International conference on intelligent and fuzzy systems. Springer, Cham, pp 988–996

    Google Scholar 

  56. Kwong CK, Bai H (2003) Determining the importance weights for the customer requirements in QFD using a fuzzy AHP with an extent analysis approach. IIE Trans 35(7):619–626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Leung LC, Cao D (2000) On consistency and ranking of alternatives in fuzzy AHP. Eur J Oper Res 124(1):102–113

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  58. Liao H, Xu Z (2015) Consistency of the fused intuitionistic fuzzy preference relation in group intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Appl Soft Comput 35: 812–826

    Google Scholar 

  59. Liu Y, Eckert CM, Earl C (2020) A review of fuzzy AHP methods for decision-making with subjective judgements. Expert Syst Appl 161:113738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Mardani A, Jusoh A, Zavadskas EK (2015) Fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making techniques and applications—Two decades review from 1994 to 2014. Expert Syst Appl 42(8):4126–4148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Mitchell H (2004) A correlation coefficient for intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Int J Intell Syst 19(5):483–490

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  62. Nguyen HT, Md Dawal SZ, Nukman Y, Aoyama H, Case K (2015) An integrated approach of fuzzy linguistic preference based AHP and fuzzy COPRAS for machine tool evaluation.PloS one 10(9): e0133599

    Google Scholar 

  63. Otay İ, Oztaysi B, Onar SC, Kahraman C (2017) Multi-expert performance evaluation of healthcare institutions using an integrated intuitionistic fuzzy AHP&DEA methodology. Knowl-Based Syst 133:90–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Ouyang X, Guo F (2018) Intuitionistic fuzzy analytical hierarchical processes for selecting the paradigms of mangroves in municipal wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 197:634–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Papageorgiou EI, Iakovidis DK (2012) Intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive maps. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 21(2):342–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Parameshwaran R, Kumar SP, Saravanakumar K (2015) An integrated fuzzy MCDM based approach for robot selection considering objective and subjective criteria. Appl Soft Comput 26:31–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Petry FE, Yager RR (2011) A linguistic approach to influencing decision behaviour. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 20(2):248–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Rezaei J, Fahim PB, Tavasszy L (2014) Supplier selection in the airline retail industry using a funnel methodology: Conjunctive screening method and fuzzy AHP. Expert Syst Appl 41(18):8165–8179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Saaty TL (1990) How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. Eur J Oper Res 48(1):9–26

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  70. Saaty TL (2008) Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. Int J Serv Sci 1(1):83–98

    Google Scholar 

  71. Sadiq R, Tesfamariam S (2009) Environmental decision-making under uncertainty using intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IF-AHP). Stoch Env Res Risk Assess 23(1):75–91

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  72. Seker S, Aydin N (2020) Sustainable public transportation system evaluation: A novel two-stage hybrid method based on IVIF-AHP and CODAS. Int J Fuzzy Syst 22(1):257–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Shakourloo A, Kazemi A, Javad MOM (2016) A new model for more effective supplier selection and remanufacturing process in a closed-loop supply chain. Appl Math Model 40(23–24):9914–9931

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  74. Si T, Wang C, Liu R, Guo Y, Yue S, Ren Y (2020) Multi-criteria comprehensive energy efficiency assessment based on fuzzy-AHP method: A case study of post-treatment technologies for coal-fired units. Energy 200:117533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Singh RK, Chaudhary N, Saxena N (2018) Selection of warehouse location for a global supply chain: A case study. IIMB Manag Rev 30(4):343–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Smarandache F (2004) A geometric interpretation of the neutrosophic set-A generalization of the intuitionistic fuzzy set. arXiv preprint math/0404520

    Google Scholar 

  77. Song Q, Xue Y, Li G, Su M, Qiu D, Kong F, Zhou B (2021) Using Bayesian network and intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to assess the risk of water inrush from fault in subsea tunnel. Geomech Eng 27(6):605–614

    Google Scholar 

  78. Subramanian N, Ramanathan R (2012) A review of applications of analytic hierarchy process in operations management. Int J Prod Econ 138(2):215–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Szmidt E, Kacprzyk J (2000) Distances between intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst 114(3):505–518

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  80. Taherkhani N, Sepehri MM, Shafaghi S, Khatibi T (2019) Identification and weighting of kidney allocation criteria: A novel multi-expert fuzzy method. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 19(1):1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Tan C, Chen X (2010) Intuitionistic fuzzy Choquet integral operator for multi-criteria decision making. Expert Syst Appl 37(1):149–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Tavana M, Zareinejad M, Di Caprio D, Kaviani MA (2016) An integrated intuitionistic fuzzy AHP and SWOT method for outsourcing reverse logistics. Appl Soft Comput 40:544–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Tooranloo HS, Iranpour A (2017) Supplier selection and evaluation using interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP method. Int J Procure Manag 10(5):539–554

    Google Scholar 

  84. Tooranloo HS, Ayatollah AS, Iranpour A (2018) A model for supplier evaluation and selection based on integrated interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS approach. Int J Math Oper Res 13(3):401–417

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  85. Torabzadeh Khorasani S (2018) Green supplier evaluation by using the integrated fuzzy AHP model and fuzzy copras. Process Integr Optim Sustain 2(1):17–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Torra V (2010) Hesitant fuzzy sets. Int J Intell Syst 25(6):529–539

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  87. Tumsekcali E, Ayyildiz E, Taskin A (2021) Interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP-WASPAS based public transportation service quality evaluation by a new extension of SERVQUAL Model: P-SERVQUAL 4.0. Expert Syst Appl 186: 115757

    Google Scholar 

  88. Vaidya OS, Kumar S (2006) Analytic hierarchy process: An overview of applications. Eur J Oper Res 169(1):1–29

    Google Scholar 

  89. Van Laarhoven PJ, Pedrycz W (1983) A fuzzy extension of Saaty’s priority theory. Fuzzy Sets Syst 11(1–3):229–241

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  90. Verma R, Chandra S (2021) Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process for evaluating the impact of security attributes in fog based internet of things paradigm. Comput Commun 175:35–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Wang YM, Chin KS (2011) Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process: A logarithmic fuzzy preference programming methodology. Int J Approx Reason 52(4):541–553

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  92. Wang YM, Luo Y, Hua Z (2008) On the extent analysis method for fuzzy AHP and its applications. Eur J Oper Res 186(2):735–747

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  93. Wu J, Huang HB, Cao QW (1) Research on AHP with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets and its application in multi-criteria decision making problems. Appl Math Model 37(24): 9898–9906

    Google Scholar 

  94. Xia M, Xu Z, Liao H (2012) Preference relations based on intuitionistic multiplicative information. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 21(1):113–133

    Google Scholar 

  95. Xu SL, Yeyao T, Shabaz M (2023) Multi-criteria decision making for determining best teaching method using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Soft Comput 27(6):2795–2807

    Google Scholar 

  96. Xu Z (2007) Intuitionistic preference relations and their application in group decision making. Inf Sci 177(11):2363–2379

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  97. Xu Z (2008) Linguistic aggregation operators: An overview. Stud Fuzziness Soft Comput 220:163–181

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  98. Xu Z, Liao H (2013) Intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 22(4):749–761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Xu Z, Yager RR (2008) Dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute decision making. Int J Approx Reason 48(1):246–262

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  100. Yayla AY, Oztekin A, Gumus AT, Gunasekaran A (2015) A hybrid data analytic methodology for 3PL transportation provider evaluation using fuzzy multi-criteria decision making. Int J Prod Res 53(20):6097–6113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Yu X, Zheng D, Zhou L (2021) Credit risk analysis of electricity retailers based on cloud model and intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Int J Energy Res 45(3):4285–4302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Zadeh LA (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8(3):338–353

    Google Scholar 

  103. Zadeh LA (1975) The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning—I. Inf Sci 8:199–249

    Google Scholar 

  104. Zavala AH, Nieto OC (2011) Fuzzy hardware: A retrospective and analysis. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 20(4):623–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Zhixiong C, Juanping C, Jinsha Y, Nan X, Dongsheng H (2019) Network access selection algorithm based on balanced profits between users and network. Wirel Commun Mob Comput

    Google Scholar 

  106. Zimmer K, Fröhling M, Schultmann F (2016) Sustainable supplier management—a review of models supporting sustainable supplier selection, monitoring and development. Int J Prod Res 54(5):1412–1442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Zyoud SH, Fuchs-Hanusch D (2017) A bibliometric-based survey on AHP and TOPSIS techniques. Expert Syst Appl 78:158–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zahra Khoshsepehr .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Alimohammadlou, M., Khoshsepehr, Z., Alinejad, S. (2023). Single-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP and Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP. In: Kahraman, C., Cebi, S. (eds) Analytic Hierarchy Process with Fuzzy Sets Extensions. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol 428. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39438-6_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics