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Cardiac Biomarkers in the Progression to Heart Failure in Hypertension

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Hypertension and Heart Failure

Part of the book series: Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection ((UHCP))

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Abstract

The heart remodels and its function gradually worsens in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension. In patients with hypertension, the process of myocardial remodeling and dysfunction starts years before heart failure (HF) symptoms emerge. As such, the development and progression of HF may well be detected long before the onset of HF signs or symptoms. To date, we are in need of biomarkers that enable detection of HF in a subclinical stage to initiate timely interventions that block HF pathology. Circulating biomarkers can help unravel the molecular mechanisms behind HF pathogenesis and identify individuals at highest risk of developing overt HF. In addition, circulating biomarkers may help monitor the effect of preventative therapies that aim to counteract on the development of HF. In this chapter, we outline established and promising biomarkers that reflect pathological alterations in the heart suggestive of progression toward symptomatic HF. In particular, we focus on circulating biomarkers of cardiac damage for risk stratification and prediction of HF in hypertension. In addition, we describe the future perspectives for biomarker discovery and validation, particularly advancements in laboratory technology and analytics that boost the development of multi-marker panels for integrative biomarker-based risk assessment of HF progression.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Nicholas Cauwenberghs

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  1. Nicholas Cauwenberghs
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Correspondence to Nicholas Cauwenberghs .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Bucuresti, Romania

    Maria Dorobantu

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Psychopharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

    Victor Voicu

  3. University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

    Guido Grassi

  4. Dept of Clinical and Experimental Sci, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Enrico Agabiti-Rosei

  5. University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

    Giuseppe Mancia

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Cauwenberghs, N. (2023). Cardiac Biomarkers in the Progression to Heart Failure in Hypertension. In: Dorobantu, M., Voicu, V., Grassi, G., Agabiti-Rosei, E., Mancia, G. (eds) Hypertension and Heart Failure. Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39315-0_17

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