Abstract
In this chapter, we review previous research on migrants, language, and firm internationalization from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We undertake an interdisciplinary review of 59 publications in the fields of International Business, International Entrepreneurship, Industrial Marketing and Purchasing, and Economics that have been published between 1968 and 2019. Our review shows that previous research has seldom addressed these topics simultaneously. We find that language skills—or the lack thereof—significantly affect the internationalization of SMEs. In particular, the native language proficiency and cultural knowledge of migrants may play a key role in encouraging SMEs to target migrants’ country of origin in their internationalization. We conceptualize native languages of migrants as a resource for SME internationalization. Since many societies today are destinations for increasing migration, these incoming talents could assist SMEs in achieving their targets for international growth.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Catherine Welch and Maria Elo for their valuable suggestions on an earlier version of this chapter. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewer for the feedback received during the review process. We would also like to thank Audra Mockaitis for her encouraging editorial guidance.
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Appendix
Appendix
Aaby and Slater (1989)
Al Ariss and Crowley-Henry (2013)
Alrashidi (2019)
Asasongtham and Wichadee (2014)
Bilkey and Tesar (1977)
Bilkey (1978)
Brannen et al. (2014)
Burton and Schlegelmilch (1987)
Cai et al. (2021)
Chung (2004)
Clarke (1999)
Conway and Swift (2000)
Crick (1999)
Dichtl et al. (1990)
ELAN (2006)
Enderwick and Akoorie (1994)
Fernández-Ortiz and Lombardo (2009)
Fidrmuc and Fidrmuc (2016)
Foreman-Peck and Zhou (2015)
Håkansson (1982)
Hernandez (2014)
Hutchinson (2002)
Jentjens (2021)
Johnstone et al. (2018)
Knowles et al. (2006)
Kubíčková and Peprný (2011)
Lavric and Bäck (2009)
Leonidou and Katsikeas (2010)
Leonidou et al. (1998)
Leonidou (2004)
Light et al. (2002)
Liu et al. (2015)
Lücke and Stöhr (2018)
Marcella and Davies (2004)
Melitz and Toubal (2014)
Melitz (2008)
Moghaddam et al. (2018)
Mughan (1990)
Nemkova et al. (20120
Pennerstorfer (2016)
Piekkari et al. (2014)
Safari and Chetty (2019)
Schlegelmilch and Crook (1988)
Serra et al. (2012)
Simmonds and Smith (1968)
Stanley et al. (1990)
Suárez-Ortega and Álamo-Vera (2005)
Sui et al. (2015)
Swift (1991)
Tadesse and White (2017)
Turnbull and Welham (1985)
Vandermeeren (1999)
Vandermeeren (2005)
Visser (1995)
Williams and Chaston (2004)
Hurmerinta et al. (2015)
Morgan (1997)
Rižnar and Rybnicek (2017)
Welch et al. (2001)
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Niskavaara, J., Piekkari, R. (2023). Migrants, Language, and Internationalization of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Literature Review. In: Mockaitis, A.I. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Global Migration in International Business. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38886-6_5
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