Abstract
This paper presents the preliminary results of a pilot study, in which the Viennese marketplace Neuer Markt was chosen as a model area to test the extent to which historic image data and written sources can be used efficiently for creating a digital 3D model of Baroque Vienna. Based on two examples (the town house Neuer Markt 1 and the Palais Schwarzenberg), the reconstruction of a building that is very well respectively moderately well documented with images and plans is analysed and the handling of uncertainties is discussed.
The modelling is done in close cooperation between archival research, art historical expertise and technical implementation. The dialogue resulting from the intense reconstruction process inevitably raises questions that have been given little or no consideration in art historical assessment. In this sense, the pilot study sets fundamental art historical research in relation to a 3D-visualization, interpreting the process of modelling and its documentation as essential research tools. The project is being realised exclusively using open source software in order to ensure that the data set generated can be used as freely as possible in the long term. A first dissemination solution of the 3D model is being developed in cooperation with the Wien Museum, where the digital model is being made accessible to the public for the first time via a multimedia station as part of the reorganization of the collection in December 2023.
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Notes
- 1.
For the methodological considerations of reconstruction through computer-aided 3D modelling and a comprehensive summary of the wide field of research, see most recently: Münster, S.: Digital 3D Technologies for Humanities Research and Education: An Overview, Applied Sciences 12, 5 (2022), pp. 7–10.
- 2.
“Barockstadt Wien digital: Der Neue Markt, um 1760”, a research project hosted by the Institute of Habsburg and Balkan Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Research Unit: History of Art) and funded by the City of Vienna (Stadt Wien – Kulturabteilung, MA 7), https://www.oeaw.ac.at/ihb/forschungsbereiche/kunstgeschichte/forschung/habsburgische-repraesentation/barockstadt-wien-digital, last accessed 2023/3/6.
- 3.
https://sammlung.wienmuseum.at/en/, last accessed 2023/3/6.
- 4.
https://onb.wg.picturemaxx.com/, last accessed 2023/3/6.
- 5.
Austrian State Archives (ÖStA), FHKA (Finanz- und Hofkammerarchiv), Alte Hofkammer (AHK), HQuB (Hofquartiersbücher) 1–34.
- 6.
ÖStA, FHKA, AHK, HquB 3.
- 7.
ÖstA, FHKA, AHK, HquB 51–128, HquA (Hofquartiersakten) 1–16.
- 8.
Municipal and Provincial Archives (WStLA), Land Registers (Gb); WStLA, Municipal Departments 236 (MA 236), EZ series, old stock; WStLA, Subchamber Office (Unterkammeramt), Building consensus plans.
- 9.
For a similar approach, in which python scripts are used to link PostGIS database records to 3D objects directly in Blender, see: Scianna, A.: Building 3D GIS Data Models Using Open Source Software, Applied Geomatics 5, 119–132 (2013).
- 10.
QGIS: https://www.qgis.org/de/site/, last accessed 2023/3/25; Blender: https://www.blender.org/, last accessed 2023/3/25.
- 11.
Heike Messemer emphasises the aspect of knowledge consolidation that always accompanies the 3D reconstruction process: Messemer, H.: Digitale 3D-Modelle historischer Architektur. Entwicklung, Potentiale und Analyse eines neuen Bildmediums aus kunsthistorischer Perspektive, Heidelberg (2020), p. 23.
- 12.
The fountain figures are made of cast lead and come from Georg Raphael Donner. Currently the museum is being renovated; when the collection is reorganised, the original statues will become part of the permanent exhibition from the end of 2023; see: https://sammlung.wienmuseum.at/suche/?people=p11186, last accessed 2023/3/14.
- 13.
The AU-VR (Average Uncertainty weighted on the Volume and the Relevance of the elements) Index will be used for the classification of the documented uncertainties: Apollonio, F. et al., The Critical Digital Model for the Study of Unbuilt Architecture. In: Niebling, F. et al. (eds.), Research and Education in Urban History in the Age of Digital Libraries, Cham (2021), pp. 3–24.
- 14.
Dehio-Handbuch, Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs, Wien, I. Bezirk – Innere Stadt, Horn/Wien 2003, p. 743.
- 15.
WStLA, Gb., Gb. of Vienna, 1/18, fol. 19v, 1/19, fol. 171; Gb. Philipp and Jakobi-Chapel, 28/4, fol. 63. ÖStA, FHKA, AHK, HQuB 99, 1723/1724, fol. 13, 57.
- 16.
WStLA, MA 236, EZ series, old stock, file 1.3.2.236.A16., 1st district EZ 593.
- 17.
Ibid.
- 18.
Fidler, P.: Architektur des Seicento. Baumeister, Architekten und Bauten des Wiener Hofkreises, Innsbruck (1990), pp. 367–368.
- 19.
Krummholz, M.: Vídeňské rezidence Schwarzenbergů a Johann Bernhard Fischer z Erlachu. In: Bezecný, Z., Gaži, M., Putna, M. C. (eds.), Schwarzenbergové v české a středoevropské kulturní historii, České Budějovice 2013, pp. 207–218, see pp. 213–214.
- 20.
Mader-Kratky, A.: Der Palastbau im Œuvre von Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. In: Karner, H., Schütze, S., Telesko, W. (eds.), Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (1656–1723) und die barocke Baukunst des europäischen Barock, München 2022, pp. 123–139, see pp. 136–137.
- 21.
Josef Löwy, Neuer Markt 8, Schwarzenbergpalais, Giebel, before 1895, Wien Museum, https://sammlung.wienmuseum.at/objekt/94264-1-neuer-markt-8-schwarzenbergpalais-giebel-fassadendetail/, last accessed 2023/3/6.
- 22.
Státní oblastní archiv v Třeboni (SOA), Oddělení Český Krumlov, Schwarzenberska ustredni kancelar, Hluboka nad Vltavou, Strední oddeleni, Inv.-Nr. 9016 – see: Krummholz, M.: „Zu unaussprechlicher Freude allerhöchsten Herrschaften wie auch zum höchsten Troste allhiesiger Inwohner.“ Zwei Illuminationen vor dem Wiener Stadtpalais Schwarzenberg anlässlich der Geburt der ältesten Söhne Maria Theresias. In: Kroupa, J., Šeferisová Loudová, M., Konečný, L. (eds.), Orbis artium: k jubileu Lubomíra Slavíčka, Brno 2009, pp. 539–553.
- 23.
https://armorpaint.org/, last accessed 2023/3/20.
- 24.
https://www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at/Wien_Geschichte_Wiki, last accessed 2023/3/20.
- 25.
https://www.oeaw.ac.at/acdh/, last accessed 2023/03/20; https://zenodo.org/, last accessed 2023/3/20.
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Mader-Kratky, A., Buchinger, G., Langendorf, A. (2023). From Archival Sources to a 3D-Visualization of Baroque Urban Topography: Vienna, Neuer Markt, C. 1760. In: Münster, S., Pattee, A., Kröber, C., Niebling, F. (eds) Research and Education in Urban History in the Age of Digital Libraries. UHDL 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1853. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38871-2_11
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